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A&P 1 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of bones?

A

support, protection, leverage, storage, and blood cell formation

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2
Q

what are 2 types of bones?

A

cancellous and compact

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3
Q

What are cancellous bones?

A

light and spongy

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4
Q

what are compact bones?

A

dense and heavy

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5
Q

what are compact bones composed of?

A

haversian systems

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6
Q

what is the periosteum

A

membrane that covers the outer surface of bones

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7
Q

what is the endosteum

A

membrane that lines the hollow interior surface of bones

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8
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

cells that produce bone

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9
Q

what do osteoclasts do?

A

they remodel/remove bone

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10
Q

what are osteocytes?

A

osteoblasts surrounded by bone

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11
Q

what are Volkmann canals?

A

channels through bone matrix that contain blood vessels

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12
Q

what do nutrient foramina contain

A

large blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves

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13
Q

what are 2 possible bone formations

A

Endochondral bone formation and intramembranous bone formation

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14
Q

what are the 4 basic shapes of bones>?

A

long, short, flat and irregular

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15
Q

what are the 2 types of bone marrow?

A

red and yellow

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16
Q

what are the three articulate bone surfaces?

A

condyle, head, and facet

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17
Q

what are processes?

A

projections off a bone surface

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18
Q

what is a foramen?

A

a hole in a bone

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19
Q

what is a fossa

A

depressed area on the surface of a bone

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20
Q

what is the axial skeleton?

A

bones alone the central axis of the body

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21
Q

what bones is the axial skeleton composed of?

A

skull, hyoid bone, spinal column, ribs, and sternum

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22
Q

Approx. how many bones is the skull make of?

A

37 to 38

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23
Q

What are the bones of the inner ear?

A

incus, malleus, and staples

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24
Q

what are the bones of the face?

A

incisive bones(2), lacrimal bones (2) mandible (1 or 2), maxillary bones (2), nasal bones (2), zygomatic bones(2)

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25
Q

what do vertebrae consist of?

A

body, arch, and process

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26
Q

what are intervertebral disks

A

cartilage separating bodies of adjacent vertebrae

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27
Q

how many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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28
Q

what is the C1 vertebrae called?

A

atlas

29
Q

what is the C2 vertebrae called?

A

axis

30
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

13

31
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

7

32
Q

where is the sacral vertebrae?

A

attached to the pelvic bones

33
Q

what is the coccygeal vertebrae?

A

the tail bone

34
Q

what type of bones are ribs?

A

flat

35
Q

where is costal cartilage?

A

ventral end of the ribs

36
Q

what is the costochondral junction?

A

where costal cartilage meets bony rib

37
Q

Where is the manubrium sterni?

A

most cranial sternebra

38
Q

where is the xiphoid process?

A

most caudal sternebra

39
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton composed of?

A

the main appendages of the body (the limbs)

40
Q

Proximal to distal order what bones make up the thoracic limb?

A

scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones (carpus), metacarpal bones, phalanges

41
Q

what is the scapula?

A

shoulder blade

42
Q

what is the humerus?

A

long bone of the upper arm

43
Q

what does brachium mean?

A

arm

44
Q

what is tubercles?

A

processes where the shoulder muscles attach

45
Q

what is the Antebrachium?

A

Forearm

46
Q

what is the main weight bearing bone of the antebrachium?

A

radius

47
Q

what is the carpus?

A

wrist

48
Q

in dogs and cats how are the metacarpal bones numbered?

A

medial to lateral

49
Q

how are the metacarpal bones numbered on cattle?

A

medial to distal

50
Q

what does the equine thoracic limb phalanges composed of?

A

proximal phalanx (fetlock), middle phalanx (pastern), distal phalanx (coffin), and sesamoid bones (proximal and distal or navicular)

51
Q

Proximal to distal what are the bones of the pelvic limb?

A

pelvis: (ilium, ischium, pubis), femur, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones (tarsus), metatarsal bones, phalages

52
Q

how many joins are there on the pelvis?

A

5 total

53
Q

what is the pelvis symphysis?

A

joint between the two halves of the pelvis

54
Q

What is the Femur?

A

long bone of the leg

55
Q

what is the trochlea?

A

articular groove containing the patella

56
Q

what connection is a tendon?

A

bone to bone connection

57
Q

what connection is a ligament

A

muscle to bone

58
Q

what is the main weight bearing bone of the lower limb?

A

tibia

59
Q

What is the visceral skeleton?

A

bones that form organs

60
Q

what are some examples of visceral skeletons?

A

os cordis (heart of cattle of sheep), os penis (penis of dogs, beavers, raccoons, and walruses), and os rostri (nose of swine)

61
Q

what are the three general classifications of joints?

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

62
Q

what are synathroses?

A

fibrous joints

63
Q

what are amphiarthroses?

A

cartilaginous joints

64
Q

what are diathroses?

A

synovial joints

65
Q

what are the types of synovial joints?

A

hinge, gliding, pivot, and ball-and-socket

66
Q

what are ginglymus joints

A

hinge

67
Q

what are arthrodial joints?

A

gliding joints

68
Q

what are trochoid joints?

A

PIVOT JOINTS

69
Q

what are spheroidal joints?

A

ball-and-socket joints

A&P 1 (6 decks)

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