Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuro 1 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary neuromuscular impairments after CVA

A
  • damage to descending cortical drive
  • type 1 increase, type 2 decrease - loss of force production
  • loss of motor units and asynchronous/abnormal motor unit firing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Secondary muscular impairments after CVA

A
  • increased fatigue
  • delayed reaction times
  • prolonged movement times
  • disuse muscular atrophy
  • length-tension changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A set of internal processes associated with feedback or practice leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability for motor skill

A

motor learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The reappearance of motor patterns present prior to CNS injury performed in the same manner as prior to injury

A

motor recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sequential Motor Recovery Stages Following Stroke

A

Stage 1 – flaccidity and no movement of limbs
Stage 2 – minimal voluntary movement responses and spasticity begins
Stage 3 – voluntary control of movement synergies and increased spasticity (can be severe)
Stage 4 – movement combos that don’t follow the paths of either synergy and spasticity begins to decline
Stage 5 – difficult movement combos are learned, and synergies lose their dominance
Stage 6 – disappearance of spasticity and individual joint movements are possible with coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fugl-Meyer Assessment MDC and MCID

A

MDC - 5.4 UE and 5 LE

MCID - 10 UE/LE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rivermead Motor Assessment MCID

A

3 points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

dysmetria

A

inability to judge distance or ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dyssynergia

A

fragmented movement patterns

  • Movements occur in sequence of component parts rather than a single & coordinated smooth output
  • jerkiness, have to break down complex movements to individual movements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Asynergia

A

loss of ability to associate muscles together for complex movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rebound phenomenon

A

inability to rapidly and sufficiently halt movement of a body part after a strong isometric force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Typical patterns of spasticity in scapula

A

retraction, downward rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Typical patterns of spasticity in shoulder

A

adduction and IR, depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Typical patterns of spasticity in elbow

A

flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Typical patterns of spasticity in forearm

A

pronation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Typical patterns of spasticity in wrist

A

flexion, adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Typical patterns of spasticity in hand

A

finger flexion, clenched fist thumb, adducted in palm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Typical patterns of spasticity in pelvis

A

retraction (hip hiking)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Typical patterns of spasticity in hip

A

adduction, IR, Extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Typical patterns of spasticity in Knee

A

flexion and extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Typical patterns of spasticity in foot and ankle

A

PF, INversion, Equinovarus, toes claw, toes curl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Typical patterns of spasticity in hip and knee

A

flexion, sacral sitting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Typical patterns of spasticity in trunk

A

lateral flexion w/ concavity, rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Typical patterns of spasticity in posture forward (prolonged sitting posture)

A

excessive forward flexion and forward head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Acute endurance recommendations
< 11-12 RPE (3-4 mRPE) Resting HR + 10-20bpm walking, ADLs, standing activities
26
IP/Outpatient Rehab endurance recommendations
RPE 11–14 (3-5/6 mRPE) 40%–70% VO2 reserve or HR reserve; 55%–80% HRmax 20-60min/session, 3-5x/week +adequate warm-up and cool-down large muscle groups
27
General slowing of cognitive & motor processes
lethargy
28
Dulled or blunted sensitivity, difficult to arouse
obtundation
29
State of semi-consciousness, only arouses with intense stimulation
stupor
30
Unconsciousness
coma
31
What are the cutoff scores for the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and what do they tell you?
scores 3-15 < 8 severe 9-12 moderate 13-15 mild measures level of consciousness
32
R hemisphere lesion behavior
- difficulty perceiving emotions - difficulty w/ expression of negative emotions - irritability, confusion - impulsive, quick movements - poor judgement - rigidity of thought - poor insight/absent awareness of impairments - high safety risk
33
L hemisphere lesion behavior
- difficulty w/ expression of positive emotions - slow, anxious, cautious - disorganized and distracted when attempting to complete a task - compulsive behavior - aware of impairments - need extra coaxing to participate - high safety risk
34
R hemisphere lesion perceptual deficits
- body scheme impairments - unilateral neglext, Pusher's syndrome, anosognosia (unaware of condition/think they are fine), somatagnosia, R-L discrimination - difficulties w/ spatial relationships - hand eye coordination, figure-ground, position in space - agnosias - visual, auditory, sensory
35
L hemisphere lesion perceptual deficits
- apraxia - ideational and ideomotor
36
Where is the lesion for most patient's with Pusher's syndrome? Which side do they push to?
R hemisphere centered in area of posterolateral thalamus | - Tendency to push strongly towards the paretic side with nonaffected limbs
37
Additional symptoms w/ R hemispheric pusher' syndrome
- left hemiplegia | - High association with left spatial and sensory neglect
38
Additional symptoms w/ L hemispheric pusher' syndrome
- right hemiplegia | - high association w/ aphasia
39
clinical observations seen for vision post stroke
- head turn or tilt during tasks - avoidance of near tasks - One eye appears to go in, out, up, or down - vision shifts from eye to eye as indicated by head tilting - closes or covers one eye/squints (double vision) - bumps into walls/objects when moving (field cut) - misjudge distance - difficulty finding things
40
What are common visual dysfunction presentations seen post stroke?
- refractive errors - near/farsightedness, astigmatism, blurry vision - CN 2 nuclei and associated CNS areas - impaired accommodation - CN 2 and visual tract/visual cortex - visual field loss - CN 2 and visual tract/visual cortex - impaired pursuits and saccades - cerebellum - diplopia - cerebellum - ptosis - CN 2-6 and associated CNS areas - ocular motility disturbance - CN 2-6 and associated CNS areas
41
blood supply for retina and extra-cranial optic nerve
ophthalmic artery
42
blood supply for intracranial optic nerve and optic chiasm
anterior cerebral anterior comminicating superior hypophyseal
43
blood supply for optic tract
posterior communicating and anterior choroidal arteries
44
blood supply for optic radiation
middle cerebral artery and posterior cerbral artery
45
blood supply for lateral geniculate nucleus
anterior and posterior choroidal arteries
46
What would VOR look like if stroke occurred in Pons?
- loss of abducens nucleus When looking R, L eye doesn't abduct When looking L, R eye doesn't abduct
47
What would VOR look like if stroke occurred in Midbrain?
- loss of oculomotor nucleus When looking R, R eye wouldn't adduct When looking L, L eye wouldn't adduct
48
What are different ways (in general) that sensory dysfunction can present post stroke?
cortical lesions - specific localized areas of dysfunction thalamic lesions - diffuse involvement
49
Hypo/hyperesthesia
decreased/increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli
50
Paresthesia
abnormal sensation such as numbness, prickling, or tingling
51
Dysesthesia
touch sensation experienced as pain
52
allodynia
pain produced by non-noxious stimuls
53
analgesia
complete loss of pain sensitivity
54
hyperalgesia
increased sensitivity to pain
55
atopognosia
inability to localize sensation
56
What are the 3 most common predictors of falls for acute and subacute stroke survivors
- functional impairment - cognitive deficits - impaired balance
57
primary blood supply for primary visual cortex
posterior cerebral artery
58
What are the functional implications of hypotonia?
``` Reduced ability to resist pull of gravity Increased stress on joints Reduced postural control Clumsy or incoordinated movements Impaired balance Reduced power Increased fatiguability ```
59
What are the functional implications of spasticity?
- contractures - skin breakdown - pain - abnormal posture - abnormal movement patterns - impaired balance
60
As a PT, when is it appropriate to advocate to the interdisciplinary team that your patient might be appropriate for anti-spasticity medical management?
- tone is interfering w/ function - pain consideration - presence of clonus/risk of skin breakdown
61
What are the post stroke strengthening recommendations put out by the AHA/ASA?
- 1-3 sets of 10-15 reps - 8-10 exercises involving major muscle - 50-80% of 1 rep max - 2-3 days/week - resistance gradually increased over time as tolerated
62
What stroke is pseudobulbar affect correlated with?
Correlated with inferior frontal and inferior parietal lobe damage (R or L)
63
Where might the lesion be if a patient has apraxia?
- premotor frontal cortex - left inferior parietal lobe - corpus collosum
64
What plays a significant role in a patient's progression through the 6 stages of motor recovery?
- initial weakness - presence of spasticity - cognitive deficits - access to rehab
65
potential exam findings for cerebellum CVA outside of ataxia, dysmetria, and balance
IPSILATERAL - oculomotor deficits - lack of check reflex - mild hypotonia - intentional tremor - slurred speech - significant difficulties w/ motor learning
66
potential exam findings for basal ganglia CVA outside of ataxia, dysmetria, and balance
CONTRALATERAL - spasticity - resting and intentional tremor - difficulty initiating movements - slowed/smaller movements - considerable strength deficits
67
potential exam findings for dorsal column CVA outside of ataxia, dysmetria, and balance
CONTRALATERAL - abnormal sensory exam - proprioception - no tremor
68
What is most closely associated w/ depression post CVA?
fatigue - lack of physical and mental energy
69
What are indications for immediate cessation of exercise?
1 - lightheadedness 2 - dizziness 3 - chest heaviness, pain or tightness; angina 4 - heart palpitations or irregular heart beat 5 - sudden SOB not due to increased activity 6 - volitional fatigue and exhaustion

Neuro 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions