Aphasia

Question 1

What is articulation and fluency?

Answer 1

articulation - how we make speech sounds

fluency - rhythm of speech

Question 2

lexicon

Answer 2

VCAB of a language

Question 3

Semantics

Answer 3

language system that refers to the meaning of words

- dog bark vs tree bark

Question 4

Syntax

Answer 4

grammar of a language determines the sequence of words that are acceptable in formation of sentences
- english adj come before name vs spanish adj comes after

Question 5

Prosody

Answer 5

stress and intonation used in language to help make distinctions between questions, statements, expression of emotions, shock, exclamations, etc.

Question 6

What cranial nerves are involved with speech and swallowing – and how?

Answer 6

5 - trigeminal - chewing and sensation of face
7 - facial - muscles of face
8 - vestibulocohlear - hearing of speech
9 - glossopharyngeal - swallowing, elecation of pharynx and larynx
10 - vagus - elevation of palate, phonation
12 - hypoglossal - movement of tongue

Question 7

What are the major components of how we test for aphasia?

Answer 7

• naming tasks
• speech sample
• repitition
• comprehension of spoken language
• reading and writing

Question 8

How is a fluent speech pattern characterized?

Answer 8

rate of speech is normal or in excess of normal > 200 wpm

Question 9

How is a non-fluent speech pattern characterized?

Answer 9

• rate is slow w/ long pauses (10-50 wpm)
• utterances are short 1-3 words
• speaking seems effortful
• prosody is often lost

Question 10

paraphasia

Answer 10

production of unintended sound in a work, or a whole word or phrase
ex: saying “dat” instead of “hat” or “tepholone” instead of “telephone”

Question 11

Pure agraphia vs Paragraphia

Answer 11

pure - loss ability to write

paragraphia - incorrect spelling errors caused by brain damage

Question 12

stereotypy

Answer 12

• A short utterance used exclusively in all speaking attempts it can be a word of a phrase “son of a bitch” or only “shit”

Question 13

monoaphasia

Answer 13

when a patient only has one word available…this is usually a swear word likely due to the emotional gravity of the word.

Question 14

verbal perseveration

Answer 14

a word or phrase temporarily becomes the response to all stimuli. At the outset of this period, the response was appropriate to a particular stimulus.

ex: What is your name? John Smith Where do you live? John Smith

Question 15

pallilalia

Answer 15

Uninhibited repetition of one’s own utterances. John Smith, John Smith, John Smith

Question 16

echolalia

Answer 16

Uninhibited repetition of another’s utterances “where do you live? Where do you live? Where do you live? - parroting – repeating what the therapist is saying

Question 17

Broca’s Aphasia

Answer 17

speech and writing - trouble with motor of producing speech
- use short simple phrases

reading - less impaired

Question 18

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 18

reading - severely impaired

writing - paragraphia (use unintended letters or words)

speech - produced at greater rate than normal
- speak gibberish

Question 19

Jargon Aphasia

Answer 19

speech is incomprehensible but appears to make sense to the patient
- replace words that sound or look similar

reading and writing - impaired

speech - normal

“The ceiling is the roof”

Question 20

Anomic Aphasia

Answer 20

word finding difficulty - can be final stage of recovery from Wernicke’s

speech - well formed but somewhat vague and may use circumlocution as compensatory strategy
- words always on tip of their tongue

reading and writing - limited but able to do

Question 21

Conduction Aphasia

Answer 21

• inability to repeat words or phrases

speech and writing - impaired

reading - not impaired

Question 22

Global Aphasia

Answer 22

• no language at all

- can not speak, read, write, gesture, understand anything

Question 23

Transcortical Aphasia

Answer 23

occurs with watershed infarcts - falls outside of Perisylvian areas

• ability to repeat w/ good accuracy
• motor - nonfluent speech w/ greater effort than Broca’s
• sensory - fluent speech w/ gibberish and poor comprehension
• mixed - both motor and sensory (rare) - will have paragraphia

Question 24

dysarthria and anarthria

Answer 24

dysarthria - impairment of speech production

anarthria - speech completely unintelligible

Question 25

treatment strategies for dysarthria and anarthria

Answer 25

• slow rate of speech
• over-articulate
• speak louder

Question 26

apraxia of speech

Answer 26

an impaired capacity to plan or program speech

Question 27

dysphagia

How is it evaluated?

Answer 27

swallowing disorder occuring as a result of various medical conditions in oral cavity, pharynx, or esophagus
- FEES w/ scope or MBSS (barium swallow study)