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Neuro 1 > Neuroscience Review > Flashcards

Neuroscience Review Flashcards

1
Q

directions when referring to brain

A

up - dorsal
down - ventral
left - rostral
right - caudal

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2
Q

directions when referring to brain stem or below

A

up - rostral
down - caudal
left - ventral
right - dorsal

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3
Q

What type of cells creates myelin in CNS?

A

oligodendrocytes

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4
Q

What cells are support cells and make up blood brain barrier? What else do they do?

A

astrocytes

  • insulation
  • waste removal
  • regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels
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5
Q

What cells line ventricle walls and produce CSF?

A

ependymal cells

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6
Q

Who are the microglia of the CNS?

A

microglia

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7
Q

What are the steps to an action potential?

A

1) Presynaptic AP leads to opening of neurotransmitter (NT) channels on axon terminal
2) Vesicles containing NTs release into synaptic cleft
3) NT binds with postsynaptic protein receptor
4) Receptors open, allowing NTs to enter post synaptic neuron and propagate another AP to travel down postsynaptic axon

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8
Q

Glutamate effects, location and function

A

excitatory in CNS

  • Involved in virtually every major excitatory brain function
  • learning and memory
  • synaptic plasticity
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9
Q

GABA effect, location, and function

A

Inhibitory in CNS

- inhibits motor, sensory, and cognitive neurons

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10
Q

Glycine effect, location, and function

A

inhibitory in spinal cord

- inhibits spinal interneurons

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11
Q

AcH effect, location, and function

A

excitatory in motor neurons, basal ganglia, ANS, and NMJ

  • triggers muscle contraction
  • ANS involvement
  • Involved in wakefulness, attentiveness, anger, sexuality, and more
  • Stimulates excretion of certain hormones
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12
Q

Serotonin effect, location, and function

A

excitatory and inhibitory effects in brain, brainstem, and GI tract

  • emotions
  • sleep-wake cycles and other autonomic functions
  • GI tract regulation, appetite
  • CV growth factor
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13
Q

dopamine effect, location, and function

A

excitatory and inhibitory in substantia nigra, VTA w/ projections across CNS and in ANS sympathetic neurons

  • movement
  • reward
  • memory, attention, motivation, and more
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14
Q

Norepinephrine effect, location, and function

A

excitatory in pons and medulla

  • active surveillance - increases attention to sensory info
  • sympathetic nervous system - fight or flight
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15
Q

What protective layer of meninges fights rotational forces?

A

dura mater - outermost layer

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16
Q

What protective layer of meninges fights shearing forces? What else does it do?

A

arachnoid mater - also plays a role in CSF circulation

17
Q

Where are vascular structures held in the meninges?

A

pia mater

18
Q

Will epidural and subdural spaces show up on imaging?

A

NO unless there is a pathology

19
Q

What is the flow of CSF circulation?

A

1) lateral ventricles
2) intraventricular foramen
3) 3rd ventricle
4) cerebral aqueduct of sylvius
5) 4th ventricle
6) medial and lateral foramen
7) subarachnoid space of brain and spinal cord
8) arachnoid granulations

20
Q

What are the 4 functions of CSF?

A
  • buoyancy
  • protection
  • homeostasis
  • waste clearance
21
Q

Frontal lobe job

A
  • higher executive functions (emotions, planning, reasoning, attention, problem-solving)
  • primary and supplementary motor regions
  • dominant supplementary speech regions
22
Q

Parietal lobe job

A
  • primary and secondary somatosensory regions
  • perceptual integration
  • visual processing regions (Where?)
  • dominant supplementary speech regions
23
Q

Temporal lobe job

A
  • primary auditory center
  • auditory association cortex
  • visual processing regions (What?)
  • memory
24
Q

occipital lobe job

A
  • primary visual center

- visual association cortex

25
Q

What is the purpose of the basal ganglia?

A

facilitation of movement - initiation and execution of movement
- prevention of unwanted movement

  • goal-directed behavior loop
  • social behavior loop
  • emotion loop
26
Q

What are the 3 primary functions of the peripheral vestibular system?

A

1) stabilize visual images
2) maintain postural stability
3) spatial orientation

27
Q

What does the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) do?

A

keeps eyes forward

28
Q

What does the vestibulospinal reflex (VSR) do?

A

anti-gravity muscles for mediating our postural adjustments

29
Q

What does our Vestibulocollic reflex (VCR) do?

A

upper cervical muscles for posture of head and neck

Neuro 1 (11 decks)

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