Week 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the role of a forensic investigator?

A

Find out who did what to whom

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2
Q

What are the two common pieces of evidence that forensic investigators rely on?

A
  1. physical evidence

2. Witness (victim) evidence

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3
Q

Is eyewitness reliable?

A

sometimes.

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4
Q

What are some eyewitness identification errors?

A
  1. Incorrect IDs (suspect vs. foils)

2. Misses (no picks)

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5
Q

What’s the difference between E/W identification between suspects or foild?

A

A false identification of suspects are extremely detrimental, a false identification of a foil, not so much. Might just show that the eyewitness testimony isn’t too reliable.

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6
Q

What are some problems with “misses” in E/W identification?

A

-increase the likelihood that the guilty suspect will go out and commit more crime.

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7
Q

Which settings do we get E/W error info from?

A

lab, field, DNA exonerations (most important).

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8
Q

Describe the case of Luis Diaz (41 years old)

A
  • convicted: 7 charges of rape
  • identified in lineups
  • the attacker was described to be super heavy, tall and English speaker
  • Lui Diaz was 30cm shorter, spoke no English and skinner
  • served 26 years for a crime he did not commit
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9
Q

Describe the case of Troy Davis

A

WATCH VIA THE LINK

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10
Q

Even when common sense tells them they shouldn’t, jurors:

A

Believe eyewitness identification.

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11
Q

What is the methodology for eyewitness identification studies?

A
  1. Stimulated live or video crime
  2. Event systematically manipulated
  3. Lineup presentation (love, photo array, video array)
  4. target present vs target absent - as in the real world
  5. lineup manipulation
  6. Archival studies
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12
Q

What are some ways we can manipulate the event in a eyewitness identification study?

A

exposure time of offender, presence of weapon, race of offender

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13
Q

What are some ways we can manipulate a lineup in E/W identification studies?

A

Number of people, similarity of foils to suspect, etc.

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14
Q

What are some issues with lab experiment, methodological studies for E/W identification? (3)

A
  • generalisability of findings (subjects, crime, arousal, consequences of positive ID)
  • breadth of sampling (university students)
  • statistical power of considerations (no. of Ps needed)
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15
Q

What can we use to test generalisability of findings in lab experiment studies of E/W identification?

A

Field experiments and archival studies.

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16
Q

What are 5 other methodological issues with E/W identification studies? (when interactions between variables determine ID performance)

A
  • encoding stimulus and conditions
  • test stimuli
  • encoding test match
  • metacognitive variables (beliefs and expectations about memory, etc)
  • social influences