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Forensic Psychology > Week 11 - The Psychology of Justice > Flashcards

Week 11 - The Psychology of Justice Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 theories of punishment?

A
  1. incapacitation
  2. Deterrence
  3. Rehabilitation
  4. Retributive justice vs. restorative justice
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2
Q

What is the key idea of incapacitation?

A

limiting the opportunity to re offend.

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3
Q

What is is collective incapacitation?

A

longer sentences for ALL

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4
Q

What is selective incapacitation

A

Incarcerate individuals predicted to re offend. Most effective for high risk offenders.

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5
Q

What are some assessment techniques we rely on to assess re offending rate:

A
  • actuarial/mathematical
  • clinical/human
  • static factors (gender, age, SES)
  • dynamic factors (behaviours, treatment, current), (these are changeable)
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6
Q

What are some criticisms of incapacitation as to why we inaccurate offenders?

A
  • expensive
  • collective incapacitation is inefficient
  • assessment techniques can be inflexible
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7
Q

What is a criticism of static factors?

A

This doesn’t address all aspects.

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8
Q

What is the key idea of detterence?

A

Punishment discourages future offending.

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9
Q

What is specific deterrence?

A

punishment to defer future offending by a particular person

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10
Q

What is general deterrence?

A

threat of punishment deters other potential offenders

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11
Q

What are some criticisms of deterrence?

A

It doesn’t seem to work. According to a meta analysis, there is a slight increase in reoffending. “because of my work, every now and again I will have to spend SOME time in jail”.

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12
Q

Criticisms of deterrence doesn’t only depend on severity of penalty, but also:

A

perceived likelihood of getting caught (offenders underestimate odds of apprehension).

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13
Q

How many countries have the death penalty?

A

58 countries

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14
Q

There are death penalty arguments in favour of the death penalty, including:

A
  • effective deterrent

- reduces homicides/saves lives

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15
Q

Homicide rate negatively related to execution rate. Every execution read to:

A

5 fewer homicides.

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16
Q

What were some arguments against the execution study which stated that as executions went up, homicides went down?

A

most US states had 0 executions, few had more than 1. Dodgy stats.

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17
Q

What else may explain the results in the homicide rates?

A

Abortion laws introduced, a reduction in homicides.

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18
Q

The death penalty models violence. It legitimises ___ as an ___

A

killing, acceptable reaction

19
Q

What is one of the strongest argument against the death penalty?

A

How certain do we have to be before we charge someone as guilty (case of Try Davis, wrongfully killed).

20
Q

What is the key idea of rehabilitation?

A

prepare offender for re integration.

21
Q

What does the evidence point to for rehabilitation?

A

That “nothin works” (mixed evidence).

22
Q

More recent research shows that rehabilitation:

A

with CBT is effective, solve on problems solving and communication skills, incorporate family where possible.

23
Q

Violent offender programs offen had difficulty:

A

getting prison officers to stick to programs.

24
Q

What is the key idea for retributive justice?

A

“and eye for an eye” (pervasive idea in moral philosophy and psychology).

25
Q

What are some criticisms of the retributive justice system?

A
  • expensive (leads to huge numbers in prison)
  • problems associated with involving victims in sentencing process
  • judicial discretion in sentencing
26
Q

One retributive justice study shows great ___ between ____

A

disparity, judges

27
Q

What is the key aim in restorative justice?

A

Restore victim, offender, and community (used only for non violent crimes, juvenile offenders, involves community members).

28
Q

What are the positive results of restorative justice approaches?

A
  • increased court attendance
  • can reduce re-offending
  • less severe re-offending
29
Q

What are the criticisms of restorative justice approaches?

A

-only applicable to some crimes
-potentially traumatic for victims
may encourage false remorse?

30
Q

What is one of Wenzel’s key ideas in restorative justice?

A

concerned with reaffirming shared values.

31
Q

Links between brain physiology and

A
  • criminal behaviour
  • antisocial behaviour
  • moral reasoning
32
Q

David Eagleman says what about your brain?

A

“You are your brain”

33
Q

David Eagleman believes that your biology:

A

Governs who you are: when your biology changes, you change.

34
Q

What is the prefrontal cortex activity heavily responsible for?

A

Executive control and emotional regulation. Lesions result in behavioural disturbances.

35
Q

Raine (1994) had a studied which looked at the PET scanning of murderers.

A

Showed damaged/deficiency in PFC

impaired performance on sustained attention task.

36
Q

War veterans showed that after a OET scan?

A

reduced executive function

37
Q

Anterior cingulate cortex activity associated with:

A
  • risk/reward assessment
  • anticipation of consequences
  • sensation seeking etc
38
Q

What does the orbital frontal cortex activity show?

A
  • rules of social convention

- anticipation of consequences

39
Q

Damage orbital frontal cortex shows:

A

-poor social judgement

40
Q

PFC, ACC, OFC, implicated in:

A
  • decision making
  • impulse control
  • emotional regulation
41
Q

When does the PFC usually develop?

A

late adolescence

42
Q

US supreme court states that adolescents are seen as:

A

less morally culpable

43
Q

legal system is faced with difficult and important questions about

A
  • free will vs determinism
  • prevention
  • rights of the individual vs society
  • purpose of punishment

Forensic Psychology (11 decks)

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