Week 16: Cardiac Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of the arteries from inside to outside?
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia
What layer of the arteries is largely smooth muscle?
tunica media
What is a feature of the tunica intima artery layer?
endothelial and connective tissue layer
What are 2 features of the tunica adventitia?
1) Supporting connective tissue
2) Larger arteries even have their own blood vessels in this layer
What is an example of a very large artery?
AORTA
What layer contains high levels of elastin in large arteries?
tunica media
What are very large arteries with high sleeps of elastin called?
elastic arteries
How is the elastin arranged?
Concentric lamellae
What colour are concentric lamellae stained?
black
What are the divided smaller branches of arteries called?
arterioles
What do the articles divide to?
cappillaries
Once oxygen in blood has been delivered to the tissues and organs, what vessel does the blood pass into?
venules the veins to heart
What has thicker walls, veins or arteries?
arteries
Do veins have valves?
some do YES
What do valves do?
prevent backflow of blood
What vessel has a thicker tunica media?
arteries, thinner cavity as well, higher pressure system
What structures does the mediastinum contain?
- Central area of the thoracic cavity
- Heart
- Great vessels
What does the sternum angle lie between?
- Lies between manubrium and body of sternum
- Between T4/5
What is the mediastinum divided into?
superior and inferior
How many section is the inferior mediastinum divided into?
3
How many sections in the inferior mediastinum divided into?
3
What are the 3 sections the inferior mediastinum divided into?
- Anterior mediastinum (anterior to. heart)
- Middle mediastinum (contains heart and pericardium)
- Posterior mediastinum (posterior to heart)
What are the superior vessels?
superior vena cava
aorta
What is the pericardium?
3 layers of membrane covering the heart
What are the 3 layers of the pericardium?
fibrous pericardium
serous parietal pericardium
serous visceral pericardium
Features fibrous pericardium?
out layer
tough, fibrous, thick
Features of the inner serous pericardium layers?
Thin
Space between contains thin layer of pericardial fluid
what does viscera mean?
organs
What is. the pericardial cavity initially like?
a soft balloon
How do the 2 serous layers form around the heart during development?
The heart moves into the cavity during development.
until the serous layer encapsulates the heart
What kind of wall muscle does the heart have?
walls consist of thick layer of cardiac muscle, a heart is a muscular pump
What is the. wall structure of the right atria?
thrown into ridges known as musculi pectinati.
What is the fossa ovalis? (right atria)
- A slight depression where the left and right atria meet
- during embryonic elopement, no lungs formed, blood from RA went directly to the LA
What are the ale called between the atria and ventricle?
atrioventricular valve
What vessels are ales also present in?
great vessels that carry blood away from the R + L ventricles
What are the valves called in the ventricles to great vessels called?
semilunar valves
What are the valves called on the left side of the heart?
tricuspid
pulmonary
What are vales called on the right side of the heart?
mitral
aortic
What do the AV attach to?
long stringy chords
= chord tendineae
What does the other side of cord tenindae attach to?
AV
pupillary muscles of ventricles
What structure presents back flow of blood?
cusps (semilunar shape)
What does auscultation mean?
listening to the heart vales using a stethoscope
What is the system called that supplies the heart with blood?
rich blood supply created by the coronary circulation
What artery supplies the heart with oxygenated blood?
branches of the ascending thoracic aorta
What is the ascending aorta?
the initial aorta coming out of the heart doing upwards
What does the ascending aorta branch to?
L & R coronary arteries