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Human Physiology and Pharmacology > Week 16: Cardiac Anatomy > Flashcards

Week 16: Cardiac Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of the arteries from inside to outside?

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

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2
Q

What layer of the arteries is largely smooth muscle?

A

tunica media

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3
Q

What is a feature of the tunica intima artery layer?

A

endothelial and connective tissue layer

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4
Q

What are 2 features of the tunica adventitia?

A

1) Supporting connective tissue

2) Larger arteries even have their own blood vessels in this layer

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5
Q

What is an example of a very large artery?

A

AORTA

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6
Q

What layer contains high levels of elastin in large arteries?

A

tunica media

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7
Q

What are very large arteries with high sleeps of elastin called?

A

elastic arteries

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8
Q

How is the elastin arranged?

A

Concentric lamellae

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9
Q

What colour are concentric lamellae stained?

A

black

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10
Q

What are the divided smaller branches of arteries called?

A

arterioles

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11
Q

What do the articles divide to?

A

cappillaries

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12
Q

Once oxygen in blood has been delivered to the tissues and organs, what vessel does the blood pass into?

A

venules the veins to heart

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13
Q

What has thicker walls, veins or arteries?

A

arteries

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14
Q

Do veins have valves?

A

some do YES

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15
Q

What do valves do?

A

prevent backflow of blood

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16
Q

What vessel has a thicker tunica media?

A

arteries, thinner cavity as well, higher pressure system

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17
Q

What structures does the mediastinum contain?

A
  • Central area of the thoracic cavity
  • Heart
  • Great vessels
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18
Q

What does the sternum angle lie between?

A
  • Lies between manubrium and body of sternum

- Between T4/5

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19
Q

What is the mediastinum divided into?

A

superior and inferior

20
Q

How many section is the inferior mediastinum divided into?

A

3

21
Q

How many sections in the inferior mediastinum divided into?

A

3

22
Q

What are the 3 sections the inferior mediastinum divided into?

A
  • Anterior mediastinum (anterior to. heart)
  • Middle mediastinum (contains heart and pericardium)
  • Posterior mediastinum (posterior to heart)
23
Q

What are the superior vessels?

A

superior vena cava

aorta

24
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

3 layers of membrane covering the heart

25
Q

What are the 3 layers of the pericardium?

A

fibrous pericardium
serous parietal pericardium
serous visceral pericardium

26
Q

Features fibrous pericardium?

A

out layer

tough, fibrous, thick

27
Q

Features of the inner serous pericardium layers?

A

Thin

Space between contains thin layer of pericardial fluid

28
Q

what does viscera mean?

A

organs

29
Q

What is. the pericardial cavity initially like?

A

a soft balloon

30
Q

How do the 2 serous layers form around the heart during development?

A

The heart moves into the cavity during development.

until the serous layer encapsulates the heart

31
Q

What kind of wall muscle does the heart have?

A

walls consist of thick layer of cardiac muscle, a heart is a muscular pump

32
Q

What is the. wall structure of the right atria?

A

thrown into ridges known as musculi pectinati.

33
Q

What is the fossa ovalis? (right atria)

A
  • A slight depression where the left and right atria meet

- during embryonic elopement, no lungs formed, blood from RA went directly to the LA

34
Q

What are the ale called between the atria and ventricle?

A

atrioventricular valve

35
Q

What vessels are ales also present in?

A

great vessels that carry blood away from the R + L ventricles

36
Q

What are the valves called in the ventricles to great vessels called?

A

semilunar valves

37
Q

What are the valves called on the left side of the heart?

A

tricuspid

pulmonary

38
Q

What are vales called on the right side of the heart?

A

mitral

aortic

39
Q

What do the AV attach to?

A

long stringy chords

= chord tendineae

40
Q

What does the other side of cord tenindae attach to?

AV

A

pupillary muscles of ventricles

41
Q

What structure presents back flow of blood?

A

cusps (semilunar shape)

42
Q

What does auscultation mean?

A

listening to the heart vales using a stethoscope

43
Q

What is the system called that supplies the heart with blood?

A

rich blood supply created by the coronary circulation

44
Q

What artery supplies the heart with oxygenated blood?

A

branches of the ascending thoracic aorta

45
Q

What is the ascending aorta?

A

the initial aorta coming out of the heart doing upwards

46
Q

What does the ascending aorta branch to?

A

L & R coronary arteries

Human Physiology and Pharmacology (31 decks)

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