Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Physiology and Pharmacology > Week 14: Intro to Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Week 14: Intro to Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 parts to the nervous system?

A

Peripheral and central

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 parts of the central nervous system?

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of signal goes from the CNS to PNS?

A

efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of signal goes from the PNS to CNS?

A

afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 sub-divisions of the PNS?

A

Somatic afferent (to skeletal muscle), autonomic & somatic efferent (from skeletal muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 sub-divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

enteric, sympathetic & parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do the somatic efferent supply?

A

skeletal, voluntary & striated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do somatic afferent send info to?

A

send info to the CNS from skin, joints, skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What components does the autonomic nervous system have?

A

motor and sensory components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are the cell bodies and fibres of the enteric nervous system found?

A

entirely within the wall of the gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system mediate?

A

output from the CNS to the whole body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What muscle type does the ANS not mediate output?

A

the skeletal (voluntary) muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is output modulated by?

A

external and internal sensory output

often via reflexes involving negative feedback loops within PNS & CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an example of a negative feedback loop of the ANS?

A

fall in bp pressure sensed by afferent fibres, send a drop in bp to the brains stem
autonomic output to the heart among other organs is modified
increase bp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an example of training the ANS?

A

learn when to pee & poo!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 2 neurones called in the ANS?

A

preganglionic and postganglionic neurone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the head of the preganglionic neurone located in the ANS?

A

inside CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the autonomic. ganglion?

A

located outside the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the postganglionic neurone signal to?

A

effector cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the ganglion?

A

collection of nerve cells present in periphery.

like a nucleus in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In the ANS, does parasympathetic or sympathetic pathway have a longer preganglionic neurone?

A

parasympathetic

22
Q

What neurotransmitter is always released from the preganglionic neurone? (ANS)

A

ACh

23
Q

What does receptor does ACh activate in the head of the postganglionic neurone?

A

nicotinic nicotinic cholinoreceptors

nAChR

24
Q

What receptor does ACh effect. on the effector cells?

A

parasympathetic

muscarinic cholinoreceptors

25
Q

What neurotransmitter is released from sympathetic postganglionic. neurones?

A

noradrenaline

26
Q

What receptor does noradrenaline act upon on effector cells?

A

adrenoreceptor

27
Q

What is a neurone called that synthesises and releases ACh?

A

cholinergic

28
Q

What is a neurone called that synthesises and releases noradrenaline?

A

adrenergic

29
Q

What type of receptor is a post ganglionic receptor that ACh binds?

A

G-protein coupled muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

parasympathetic

30
Q

What is transmission called when ACh and NA are not solely released from the post-ganglionic fibres?

A

non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC)

31
Q

what is ACh and NA co-released with or instead of?

A

NANC

32
Q

What is co-released with NA? From sympathetic fibres

A

ATP, Neuropeptide Y(NPY)

33
Q

What is co-released with ACh? From parasympathetic fibres

A

nitric oxide, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

34
Q

What are the rapid response neurotransmitters in para and sympathetic fibres?

A 
para= ACh
symp= ATP
35
Q

What are the intermediate response transmitters in para and sympathetic fibres?

A 
Para= nitric oxide
Symp= noradrenaline
36
Q

What are the slow response transmitters in para and sympathetic fibres?

A 
para= VIP
Symp= NYP
37
Q

Give an example of chemical co-transmission in tension of vascular smooth muscle in the sympathetic ANS?

A
  1. ATP produces a fast contraction of smooth muscle.
  2. NorA produces a moderately fast response
  3. NPY produces slow response
38
Q

Give an example of chemical co-transmission in tension of vascular smooth muscle in the parasympathetic ANS?

A
  1. ACh and norA produce a rapid relaxation

2. VIP produces slow delayed response

39
Q

Do most blood vessels contain parasympathetic blood supply?

A

NO, penis does

40
Q

What is the slowest of the neurotransmitters?

A

the peptides

VIP, NPY

41
Q

What type of agonist is ACh?

A

endogenous of cholineR, nicotinic or muscarinic

42
Q

What type of receptor is the nicotinic AChR of the ganglia?

A

ligand gated ion channel

(LGICs) selectively activated by ACh and nicotine

43
Q

What is the difference ganglia receptors and effector cell receptors of the parasympathetic system?

A

ganglia R: Ligand-gated ion channels

Effector cell: Muscarinic AChR

44
Q

What activates the muscarinic AChR?

A

muscarine & ACh

45
Q

How many sub-types does muscarinic AChR have? (post ganglionic parasympathetic)

A

M1-5

M1-3 most important in the ANS

46
Q

what agonists are endogenous to a family of adrenoreceptors?

And what is the family?

A

Na and adrenaline,

all g-protein-coupled receptors

47
Q

What are the sub-types of the adrenoreceptors?

A

alpha and beta

48
Q

Order of binding agonists on the alpha-adrenoR?

A

NA> Adrenaline> isoprenaline

49
Q

Order of binding agonists on the beta-adrenoR?

A

isoprenaline> adrenaline> noradrenaline

50
Q

What are the sub-classes of alpha & beta adrenoreceptors?

A

alpha 1,2

beta 1,2,3

Human Physiology and Pharmacology (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions