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NUR154 final exam weeks 8-14 > week 14- Human Genetics > Flashcards

week 14- Human Genetics Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Characteristics of X-linked recessive disorders include which of the following?

A) All daughters of affected fathers are carriers.
B) Boys and girls are equally affected.
C) The son of a carrier mother has a 25% chance of being affected.
D) Affected fathers transmit the gene to all of their sons.

A

*A) All daughters of affected fathers are carriers.

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2
Q
  1. A foetus is most vulnerable to environmental teratogens during

A) birth.
B) conception.
C) the first trimester.
D) the last trimester.

A

*C) the first trimester.

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3
Q
  1. The normal human genome contains

A) 23 chromosomes.
B) 22 autosomal and 2 sex chromosomes.
C) 23 pairs of autosomal chromosomes.
D) 44 autosomal and 2 sex chromosomes.

A

*D) 44 autosomal and 2 sex chromosomes.

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4
Q
  1. Males are more likely than females to be affected by

A) X-linked disorders.
B) autosomal dominant disorders.
C) autosomal recessive disorders.
D) chromosomal nondisjunction disorders.

A

*A) X-linked disorders.

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5
Q
  1. Which of the following terms refers to the outwardly apparent physical and biochemical attributes of an individual?

A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Chromatid
D) Chromosome

A

*B) Phenotype

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6
Q
  1. Genetic diseases that follow predictable patterns of inheritance usually affect

A) chromosomal structure.
B) chromosomal number.
C) single genes.
D) sex chromosomes.

A

*C) single genes.

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7
Q
  1. The various forms of any one gene are called

A) homologous.
B) homozygous.
C) heterozygous.
D) alleles.

A

*D) alleles.

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8
Q
  1. A factor associated with risk of Down’s syndrome is

A) family history of heritable diseases.
B) maternal age.
C) maternal alcohol intake.
D) paternal age.

A

*B) maternal age.

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9
Q
  1. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a classic example of

A) an autosomal dominant condition
B) an autosomal recessive condition.
C) an X-linked recessive condition.
D) a Y-linked dominant condition.

A

*C) an X-linked recessive condition.

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10
Q
  1. Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities has been linked with Down’s syndrome?

A) Translocation
B) Inversion
C) Deletion
D) Duplication

A

*A) Translocation

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11
Q 
11.  If a patient has a recessive trait, which of the following is the genotype of this patient?	
A)   aa      
B)  AA
C)  Aa
D)  aA
A

*A) aa

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12
Q 
12. Paired chromosomes are called
A) homologous.     
B) homozygous.
C) heterozygous.
D) autosomes.
E) alleles.
A

*A) homologous.

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13
Q 
13. Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes are called
A) homologous.
B) homozygous.
C) heterozygous.
D) autosomes.     
E) alleles.
A

*D) autosomes.

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14
Q 
14. The various forms of any one gene are called
A) homologous.
B) homozygous.
C) heterozygous.
D) autosomes.
E) alleles.
A

*E) alleles.

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15
Q 
15. If an individual carries a pair of alleles that are the same, they are \_\_\_\_\_ for the trait.
A) homologous
B) homozygous     
C) heterozygous
D) autosomous
E) polygenic
A

*B) homozygous

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16
Q 
16. If an individual carries two different alleles for the same trait, they are
A) homologous.
B) homozygous.
C) heterozygous.     
D) autosomous.
E) polygenic.
A

*C) heterozygous

17
Q
  1. In simple inheritance, phenotypic characters are determined, or controlled, by
    A) a single pair of alleles.
    B) multiple alleles.
    C) the action of a single gene.
    D) regulator genes on a chromosome other than the one that has the structural genes.
    E) the genes on the Y chromosome.
A

*A) a single pair of alleles.

18
Q
  1. In polygenic inheritance, phenotypic characters are
    A) determined by a single pair of alleles.
    B) determined by multiple alleles.
    C) determined by the action of a single gene.
    D) always controlled by genes on the same chromosome.
    E) determined by the genes on the Y chromosome.
A

*B) determined by multiple alleles.

19
Q
  1. If “A” stands for the dominant gene that prevents albinism and “a” stands for the recessive albinism trait, then an individual with the genotype of “aa” will express:
    A. albinism and will be a carrier.
    B. albinism and will not be a carrier.
    C. normal pigmentation and will be a carrier.
    D. normal pigmentation and will not be a carrier.
A
  • A). albinism and will be a carrier.
20
Q 
20.   An individual possessing the sex chromosome combination “XY” is genetically:
A.	a male.     
B.	a female.
C.	both.
D.	neither.
A
  • A). a male.
21
Q
  1. If an individual has only an X chromosome (“XO”), then that person is genetically:
    A. male.
    B. female.
    C. neither male nor female.
    D. The condition of “XO” can never occur.
A

*B). female

22
Q
  1. The sickle cell/malaria relationship demonstrates the concept in medical genetics that “disease” genes:
    A. are always codominant.
    B. are never dominant.
    C. often provide some biological advantage for a human population in certain circumstances.
    D. never provide a biological advantage for human populations.
A
  • C). often provide some biological advantage for a human population in certain circumstances.
23
Q 
23.  Red-green color blindness shows X-linked recessive inheritance. Assume “X” is normal, “X1” is recessive for the trait, and “Y” is normal. Then, an individual with the genotype “XX1” will be a:
A.	normal female and a carrier.     
B.	color-blind male.
C.	normal female and not a carrier.
D.	normal male.
A
  • A). normal female and a carrier.
24
Q
  1. The condition called trisomy results from a(n):
    A. mistake in mitosis called nondisjunction.
    B. mistake in meiosis called nondisjunction.
    C. abnormality in a single gene.
    D. genetic predisposition.
A

*B). mistake in meiosis called nondisjunction.

25
Q 
25.  A group of symptoms called Down syndrome results from:
A.	trisomy 15.
B.	trisomy 19.
C.	trisomy 21.     
D.	trisomy 23.
A
  • C). trisomy 21.
26
Q 
26.  The syndrome that results from the genotype “XXY” is:
A.	Turner.
B.	Klinefelter.     
C.	Down.
D.	Parkinson.
A
  • B). Klinefelter.
27
Q 
27.  A chart that illustrates genetic relationships in a family over several generations is called a:
A.	Punnett square.
B.	pedigree.     
C.	genetic grid.
D.	karyotype.
A

*B). pedigree.

28
Q 
28.  The genetic code is transmitted to offspring in discrete, independent units that are called:
A.	chromosomes.
B.	genes.     
C.	gametes.
D.	nucleosomes.
A

*B). genes.

29
Q 
29. he entire collection of genetic material in each typical cell of the human body is called:
A.	diploid.
B.	haploid.
C.	nucleosomes.
D.	genome.
A

*D). genome.

30
Q 
30.  If a karyotype found an X chromosome, a Y chromosome, and three 21st chromosomes, it would indicate a:
A.	female with Down syndrome.
B.	female with Turner syndrome.
C.	male with Klinefelter syndrome.
D.	male with Down syndrome.
A
  • D). male with Down syndrome.

NUR154 final exam weeks 8-14 (6 decks)

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