week 11- Integumentary System Flashcards
1
Q
- Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system, except
A) protection of underlying tissue. B) excretion of salts and wastes. C) maintenance of body temperature. D) synthesis of vitamin C. E) storage of nutrients.
A
- D) synthesis of vitamin C.
2
Q
- An “albino” individual lacks the ability to produce
A) melanin. B) keratin. C) carotene. D) perspiration. E) eleidin.
A
- A) melanin.
3
Q
- The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves closest to the surface of the skin is the ____________ layer.
A) papillary B) reticular C) epidermal D) subcutaneous E) hypodermal
A
- A) papillary
4
Q
- All of the following are true of the subcutaneous layer, except
A) it contains many blood vessels.
B) it permits independent movement of deeper structures.
C) it contains large amounts of adipose tissue.
D) it is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.
E) it is well supplied with nerves that pass into the skin.
A
- D) it is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.
5
Q
- Variations in hair colour reflect differences in the pigment produced by
A) keratinocytes. B) melanocytes. C) dermal papillae. D) soft keratin. E) carotene cells.
A
- B) melanocytes.
6
Q
- Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ________________ glands.
A) ceruminous B) apocrine sweat C) merocrine sweat D) sebaceous E) mammary
A
- D) sebaceous
7
Q
- The primary function of sensible perspiration is to
A) protect the skin from excess ultraviolet radiation. B) heat the skin surface. C) raise the temperature of the skin. D) cool the surface of the skin. E) reduce insensible perspiration.
A
- D) cool the surface of the skin.
8
Q
- Sweat tastes salty because of its
A) water. B) metabolites. C) waste products. D) electrolytes. E) acidic pH.
A
- D) electrolytes.
9
Q
- In an extensive wound, _________________ divide producing mobile cells that invade the deeper areas of the injury.
A) granulation cells B) Langerhans cells C) blood cells D) fibroblasts E) scab cells
A
- D) fibroblasts
10
Q
- The effects of aging on the skin include
A) a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands.
B) increased production of vitamin D.
C) thickening of the epidermis.
D) an increased blood supply to the dermis.
E) an increased number of sweat glands.
A
- A) a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands.
11
Q
- An important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight is
A) vitamin A. B) vitamin B. C) vitamin C. D) vitamin D. E) vitamin E.
A
- D) vitamin D.
12
Q
- An important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight is
A) vitamin A. B) vitamin B. C) vitamin C. D) vitamin D. E) vitamin E.
A
- D) vitamin D.
13
Q
- When the arrector pili muscles contract,
A) “goose bumps” are formed. B) hairs are shed. C) sweat is released from sweat glands. D) shivering occurs. E) the skin changes color.
A
- A) “goose bumps” are formed.
14
Q
- When a fair-skinned person blushes, why does his or her skin turn red?
A) The blood supply to the skin increases.
B) The number of red melanocytes in the skin increases.
C) Melanocytes increase production of red pigments.
D) The blood supply to the skin decreases.
E) Increased heat causes the skin to turn red.
A
- A) The blood supply to the skin increases.
15
Q
- Stretch marks occur when
A) the skin is stretched in normal movements.
B) surgical incisions are made perpendicular to the skin’s lines of cleavage.
C) the skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic capabilities are exceeded.
D) athletes overextend a muscle.
E) the hair follicles cease to produce hairs.
A
- C) the skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic capabilities are exceeded.
16
Q
- The following are stages in the regeneration of skin following an injury.
- Contraction occurs.
- Cells of the stratum germinativum divide and migrate.
- Granulation tissue is formed.
- A scab forms on the surface.
The correct order for these events is
A) 1, 2, 3, 4. B) 4, 3, 2, 1. C) 4, 3, 1, 2. D) 3, 4, 1, 2. E) 2, 4, 1, 3.
A
- C) 4, 3, 1, 2.
17
Q
- Scar tissue is the result of
A) an abnormally large number of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels at the repair site.
B) increased numbers of epidermal layers in the area of the injury.
C) a thickened stratum germinativum in the area of the injury.
D) increased numbers of fibroblasts and mast cells in the injured area.
E) a lack of hair follicles and sebaceous glands in the injured area.
A
- A) an abnormally large number of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels at the repair site.
18
Q
- Wrinkles and sagging skin in elderly individuals are the result of
A) increased production of epidermis.
B) thinning of the epidermis and decline of the protein elastin.
C) increased keratinization of the epidermis.
D) the loss of glands and hair follicles from the skin.
E) decreased thickness of the dermis.
A
- B) thinning of the epidermis and decline of the protein elastin.
19
Q
- Which of the following happens if body temperature rises above normal?
A) Circulation in the skin decreases.
B) Sweat gland activity decreases.
C) Evaporative cooling stops.
D) Blood flow to the skin increases.
E) The activity of melanocytes increases.
A
- D) Blood flow to the skin increases.
20
Q
- The protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is
A) collagen. B) melanin. C) keratin. D) elastin. E) carotene.
A
- D) elastin.
21
Q
- Characteristics of the epidermis include
A) multilayered. B) flexible. C) self-repairing. D) serving as UV radiation protection. E) all of the above
A
- E) all of the above
22
Q
- Cyanosis is indicated by
A) a reddish skin coloration. B) a yellowish skin coloration. C) an orange skin coloration. D) a bluish skin coloration. E) a brown skin coloration.
A
- D) a bluish skin coloration.
23
Q
- A suntan actually results from
A) increased melanin production. B) increased melanocyte production. C) burned skin. D) decreased keratin production. E) increased carotene production.
A
- A) increased melanin production.
24
Q
- Skin inflammation is termed
A) cutaneitis. B) dermatitis. C) epidermatitis. D) superficialis. E) melanocytis.
A
- B) dermatitis.
25
25. While assessing a patient, you discover that after pinching the skin on the back of the hand, it remains peaked. This is a sign of
```
A) hydration intoxication.
B) water intoxication.
C) dehydration.
D) advanced skin cancer.
E) malfunctioning elastin.
```
* C) dehydration.
26
26. The dermis provides
```
A) mechanical strength.
B) flexibility.
C) protection for underlying tissues.
D) A and C
E) all of the above
```
* E) all of the above
27
27. Of the organs listed below, select the largest.
```
A) liver
B) skin
C) brain
D) heart
E) stomach
```
* B) skin
28
28. ______________ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface, _____ glands are located wherever hair follicles exist, and _____________ sweat glands are found only in a few areas.
```
A) Sebaceous; merocrine; apocrine
B) Apocrine; merocrine; sebaceous
C) Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine
D) Merocrine; apocrine; sebaceous
E) Apocrine; sebaceous; merocrine
```
* C) Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine
29
29. The primary purpose of sensible perspiration is
```
A) to heat internal body organs.
B) to heat the skin.
C) evaporative cooling.
D) to get rid of body wastes.
E) to elevate body temperature.
```
* C) evaporative cooling.
30
30. The __________ in keratinocytes protects your epidermis and dermis from the harmful effects of sunlight.
```
A) oil
B) sweat
C) melanin
D) carotene
E) keratin
```
* C) melanin
31
31. While walking barefoot in the park, Joe stepped on a thorn that penetrated through the sole of his foot to the dermis. How many layers of epidermis did the thorn penetrate?
```
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
```
* E) 5
32
32. The skin is attached to underlying bone and muscle by the _______________.
Answer: hypodermis
33
33. Sloughing of the outer layer of skin cells is called ____________________.
Answer: desquamation
34
34. The deepest layer or strata of the epidermis is the ________________.
Answer: stratum basale
35
35. Melanin is produced only by ______________.
Answer: melanocytes
36
36. Hair is formed by the cells of the ___________________.
Answer: matrix
37
37. Body odour results from secretions from the ______________ sweat glands.
Answer: apocrine
38
38. Sweat is involved in the regulation of __________________.
Answer: body temperature
39
39. What are the functions of the papillary layer of the skin? (3 marks)
Answer: Feed and oxygenate the epidermis, provide touch and pain receptors, form ridges of the hands and toes.
40
40. Name the main layers of the epidermis in order from the skin surface down. (5 marks)
Answer: Stratum corneum,lucidum,granulosum, spinosum, and basale (or germinativum).
41
41. Name four functions of the epidermis. (4 marks)
Answers: Protection against abrasion;
Protection from the sun’s radiation;
First line of defence in immune function;
Protection from water loss;
Protection from heat loss;
Sensory perception;
Covers the body & interfaces with the external environment
42
42. What complications may arise from the loss of large areas of skin surfaces? (2 marks)
Answer: Large losses of skin, as with severe burn injuries, allow excessive fluid loss and infection. Skin grafting is necessary.
