WEEK 14-15 continuation Flashcards
- A feeling of extreme fear or alarm
- A loss of self-control and group belonging
- When people become impulsive and misled
- An irrational, potentially dangerous behavior, which may become very contagious
Panic
Response when Mass Panic Does Occur:
- Gather as many of the crew as possible, and use loudspeakers, etc. to repeatedly provide slow, clear instructions, etc.
- Depending on circumstances, it may be necessary to make a loud noise in order to catch the attention of the crowd and then use that opportunity to quell the panic.
- The person-in-charge must make himself prominent by elevating one’ self by standing on a chair or table to catch their attention by any means available.
Response when Mass Panic Does Occur:
- Wearing of uniform of highly visible clothing.
- Sets an example during emergency situations.
- Takes immediate control.
- Remain calm.
- Must be decisive.
- Must be dependable and gains the respect of other members of the group.
Passenger Responses in an Emergency Situation
- Attention is not paid to announcements, written instruction and familiarization with the area.
- Passengers believe that disasters will never happen to them
- Disbelief is even the most obvious sign of danger
- Passengers are afraid of being seen as foolish by drawing attention to themselves when reaching to a very apparent danger
Passenger Responses in an Emergency Situation
- Continued results of no response
- Passengers are reluctant to issue warning for fear of starting a panic.
- Passengers will try to find some way of confirming that the warning is correct rather than making an escape.
People may panic and behave abnormally because:
- Panic involves not only anxiety but genuine fear.
- Fear is not irrational but well sounded.
- There is a perception that action must take place immediately and people leaves as quickly as possible to an escape route.
People may panic and behave abnormally because:
- It also involves escapes without concerned for others.
- Panic may also occur when people make decisions or false information.
- As the mind is focused only on escape, often in unfamiliar surroundings direction by personnel broadcasts are ignored.
Conflict in an emergency situation
Concern: Lose the vessel/equipment or lose passenger/colleagues
Orders: Your main objective is to save lives
Conflict in an emergency situation
Concern: Help and save colleagues instead of passenger
Objective: Save as many lives as possible
Conflict in an emergency situation
Concern: Save and rescue family and friends instead of passengers and colleagues
Objective: Regardless of relationship, save many lives as possible
Conflict in an emergency situation
Concern: Leave your duties and look for your family and friends
Objective: Never leave your duties.
If you dont see your family, they are taken care by your colleague who are equally capable as you
words that are used to hide the real nature of the emergency when spoken over the public address system (announced 3 times over the public address system followed by exact location of the emergency)
Emergency Codes
Emergency Code for: Medical emergency
(alert for ship’s doctor, stretcher team and safety officer)
CODE ALPHA
Emergency Code for: Fire
(alert fore firefighting team, medical team, bridge and engine room on stand)
CODE BRAVO
Emergency Code for: Man overboard
(alert for rescue team)
CODE OSCAR
Emergency Code for: Pirate Attack
(all crew on stand by)
CODE PAPA
Emergency Code for: Bomb Threat
(alert for sea teams, passengers prepare for evacuation)
CODE RED
Emergency Code for: Oil Spill
(oil pollution prevention team mobilized)
CODE BLACK
Emergency Code for: Life threatening situation for guest or crewmember
(alert for hotel manager, medical department, stretcher team, and security)
BRIGHTSTAR
Emergency Code for: Structural Damage
(alert for deck and engine repair crew)
DACOTEAM
Emergency Code for: clean up required
30 - 30
Emergency Code for: Security Threat
CHARLIE, CHARLIE, CHARLIE
Emergency Code for: Missing Child
(named after adam walsh)
CODE ADAM
Emergency Code for: faeces in the baby pool
CODE BABY RUTH
Emergency Code for: damage to the ship - might have detail to follow and teams called
CODE DELTA
Emergency Code for: early stages of norovirus infection
CODE ORANGE
Emergency Code for: illness has broken out, normally norovirus
CODE RED
Emergency Code for: lesser illness alert
CODE YELLOW
Emergency Code for: medical emergency needing stretcher
CODE SIERRA
Emergency Code for: feces in the pool for disney cruise
CODE WINNIE
Emergency Code for: shift drifting, often caused by strong winds
ECHO
Emergency Code for: death
FALLEN STAR
Emergency Code for: all personnel to report to their emergency posts
KILO
Emergency Code for: a passenger or crewmember has fallen overboard
MR. MOB
Emergency Code for: a passenger died onboard
OPERATION RISING STAR
Emergency Code for: public vomiting incident
PVI
Emergency Code for: potential fire onboard
RED PARTIES
As the crowd gets larger, communication slows down and becomes more difficult because there are simply more people to communicate with.
facts (under communication)
In terms of movement, as the crowd gets larger, it takes longer for them to get ready to move towards safety, and once they are moving, it takes longer to get them stop to change direction.
facts (under communication)
There is often a reduced ability to understand complicated messages in stressful situations so they must be kept simple and as concise as possible. The voice pitch can rise and speed up leading to more confusion.
facts (under communication)
Passengers will always be requesting for more information, and they need to be informed and if possible, in their native language.
facts (under communication)
Four (4) modes of behavior when communicating with others:
- Passive behavior
- Assertive behavior
- Aggressive behavior
- Responsive behavior
Crowd Management Framework
Guideline which makes you to decide:
1. Who and what are dealing with?
2. What do you want them to do?
3. How can you get the to do it?
4. How should you tell them or ask them?
5. What or who do you have to help you?
Stages of crowd management
Stage 1: Gathering Information
Stage 2: What can you do?
Stage 3: Implementation
Stage 4: Verification
Stages of crowd management
(Stage 1 Gathering Information)
- Who am I dealing with?
- What am I dealing with?
- What are they doing?
- Where are they going?
Stages of crowd management
(Stage 2 What can you do?)
- Objective: What it is that you want a person, or group of people, to do at that very moment?
- Getting them to stop what they are doing and listen to you?
- Power: Helps you to influence the passengers to get them to do what you want them to do. It is Important to decide what kind of power you have, and which one will help you influence the passengers
Kinds of Power
- Coercion power
- Connection power
- Expert power
- Information power
- Position power
- Personal power
- Reward power
choosing a way of communicating with people you think is right for them, the situation you are in, and the power base you are using
Style
Type of style: this is the hard way of communicating with people; if you think it is right to use this style, then you will be telling them what to do
X style
Type of style: this is the soft way of communicating with people; when using this style, you will be asking them to do something
Y style
Type of Style: this is a style of communication that is somewhere between the X and Y styles
X/Y style
Tools: your tools might include things such as…
- A uniform, brightly colored hat, tunic or a badge
- Placards and signs
- Megaphones, whistles, and torches
- Other ship’s staff and passengers
is practically applying the resources that have been chosen: power, style, and tools in order to meet the objective
Stage 3: Implementation -
is checking if the implementation of the crowd management skills had been effective. If is not, then it might be necessary to change the power base, style or tools that was used
Stage 4: Verification
Five major factors in handling emergency situations
- Technology
- Procedures
- Personal characteristics - personality
- cohesion - concise and simple
- training
Emergency scenarios
- Fire (in port/at sea)
- Grounding
- Collision (in port/at sea)
- Bomb threat
- Terrorist activities
- Extreme weather
- Epidemic
- Pollution
- Emergency assistance to other ships
- Damage to ship
- Personnel activities
Safety concept in shipboard emergency
- Prevention
- Preparedness
includes all actions taken to prevent unwanted situations to develop including situations were there is a risk of losing control.
prevention
includes all preventive and damage minimizing actions planned for its prevention fails and the situation develops towards a crisis.
preparedness
Safety instructions for passengers
(The following information should be provided to passengers:)
- How the signal for an emergency will be given.
- How to proceed after hearing the emergency signal.
- How assistance will be provided to disabled persons in an emergency.
- How to recognize a crew member and follow instructions.
- How abandon-ship procedures will be carried out including moving to assembly stations, embarkation stations, and survival craft.
Clear, concise instructions and response
- Speak slowly and clearly
- Do not attempt to give too much information
- Only tell passengers what you know
- Do not invent information or pass on rumor
- Be attentive to their needs and delegate other personnel to give extra assistance if required
- Answer their questions appropriately
- If the request is relevant and important, tell them that you will obtain the information
- Bear in mind that passengers will continually ask what is happening so keep the occupied
