WEEK 14-15

Question 1

International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, (STCW) was adopted on ___ and entered into force on ___

Answer 1

1. July 7 ,1978
2. April 28 ,1984.

Question 2

____occur due to some kind of accident that occurs either while the ship is at sea or while it is at anchor.

Answer 2

Emergencies

Question 3

___ is not just about trying to merely control the crowd, it involves using the right kind of communication and effectuating the perfect leadership skills to manage the crowd.

Answer 3

Crowd Safety

Question 4

defined as the intelligent and disciplined application of practical skills to control and direct a crowd in an emergency.

Answer 4

Crowd Management

Question 5

Psychology and Actions of People in an Emergency
Characteristics of Individual Psychology:

Answer 5

1. Feelings of risk to life and fear occur.
2. Feelings of “just wanting to save oneself” arise.
3. Impulse to “escape from this place as quickly as possible” or “hide in a safe place” arises.
4. Not knowing what to do, confusion arises.

Question 6

Psychology and Actions of People in an Emergency
Characteristics of Crowd Psychology:

Answer 6

1. In a crowd, even if the information is correct to start with, there is a high potential that it will lose its accuracy as it is transmitted.
2. Rather than good, positive information, such as “this is what you can do to survive”, the worst or most despairing information, such as “we can’t be saved!” tends to be transmitted and spread more easily nce thinking in a crowd becomes fixed, it is a lot harder to change than it is in individuals.

Question 7

Passenger Condition when emergencies occurs

Answer 7

1. Individuals start to panic.
2. This ultimately leads to mass panic.
3. The situation goes out of control.

Question 8

Basic Knowledge for Crowd Control

Answer 8

1. Know the movements of the passengers, where they are, and when, etc.
2. Know that if the ship is listing, passengers generally have a tendency to move to the higher part.
3. Know the plan, procedures, and instructions to be given when leading an evacuation.
4. Know the equipment that can be used when leading an evacuation and the equipment that is useful.
5. Have immediate access to the passenger list in order to check gatherings of passengers, and to know emergency instructions for gathering passengers.

Question 9

a specific training program that all individuals of a ship’s crew need to learn.

Answer 9

Crowd Control Management

Question 10

Crew Condition when emergencies occurs

Answer 10

1. Unable to obtain accurate information.
2. Lines of communication become confused.
3. Unable to make appropriate decisions.
4. Chain of command becomes confused.
5. As a result, the crew become unable to provide passengers with accurate instructions in order to evacuate the ship.

Question 11

Response in case of emergencies (9) 5-9

Answer 11

5. Lead passengers to entrance points to assembly
6. Keep the station clear
7. Reassure separated family groups
8. Maintain your position when in charge
9. Avoid aggressiveness

Question 12

Establishment and Maintenance of Effective Communication During an Emergency (1)

Answer 12

Language will be required during the emergency for emergency broadcasts, giving instructions and saving passengers.

Question 13

Individuals are comparatively easy to control while crowds are difficult to control and know-how is needed to exercise control.

Answer 13

FACTS

Question 14

Psychology and Actions of People in an Emergency
Characteristics of Individual Actions:

Answer 14

1. People take actions such as “milling about in confusion” or “moving around blindly”.
2. Instinct for self-preservation leads to people trying to escape or trying to hide without thinking of others
3. People take selfish actions based on self-centered decisions (often the wrong decisions).
4. People blindly follows the actions of others

Question 15

SPECIFIC SKILLS (4-6)

Answer 15

4) To have a complete understanding of places in which passengers may be, including passenger rooms and common spaces, and to be able to search them effectively.

5) To pay special attention to disabled passengers or others who require special assistance and enable them to get off the ship or be evacuated safely.

6) To be able to perform the following in regard to gathering of passengers.

Question 16

Establishment and Maintenance of Effective Communication During an Emergency (3)

Answer 16

1. It is vital that instructions and reports are given clearly and concisely.
2. It is necessary to promote exchange of information with passengers and other crew members and obtain feedback from them.
3. During an emergency, the ability to impart information to passengers and other crew members is required, such as letting them know about waves hitting the deck.

Question 17

SPECIFIC SKILLS (1-3)

Answer 17

1. To be able to give instructions clearly while imparting a sense of reassurance.
2. To be able to lead passengers down corridors, flights of stairs and passenger corridors.
3. During an escape or evacuation, to know the locations of everything that may impede that progress and clear them in order to ensure successful escape or evacuation.

Question 18

Establishment and Maintenance of Effective Communication During an Emergency (2)

Answer 18

1. The languages spoken by the passengers and other crew members need to be known, or an appropriate language needs to be known.
2. When verbal communication is not possible, it may be necessary to communicate for the period of the emergency using various other means, including demonstrations, hand signals, and directions to places were written instructions are kept, gathering locations lifesaving methods and evacuation routes.

Question 19

Response in case of emergencies (9) 1-4

Answer 19

1. To set an example for others during an emergency.
2. Be able to focus on decisions that are required, in order to allow for quick actions to be taken during the emergency.
3. To provide passengers and crew with motivation (heighten their feelings and guide them), courage (encouragement), and aid.
4. Confidence in your own ability and colleagues

Question 20

The main purpose of the Convention is to promote safety of life and property at sea and the protection of the marine environment by establishing in common agreement international standards of training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers.

Answer 20

International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, (STCW)

Question 21

The STCW Crowd Management training is mandatory for ______ in emergencies on the boards of passenger ships.

Answer 21

1. Masters, 2. officers, 3. qualified ratings, and 4. other personnel designated on muster lists - to assist passengers

Question 22

____ are referred to those situations in which a passenger ship faces a situation that places the lives of those aboard in danger”.

Answer 22

Emergencies

Question 23

Response in case of emergencies (2)

Answer 23

1. When an emergency occurs, the first response is vital. The crew need to be able to take the lead and give instructions to passengers and crew.
2. In other words, leadership skills are needed.

Question 24

Psychology and Actions of People in an Emergency
Characteristics of Crowd Actions:

Answer 24

1. Unable to act in a unified manner in accordance with instructions, people’s actions are scattered and directionless. In some cases, a number of small groups may form that all act independently.
2. Agitation, shouts, screams and other factors create a situation in which instructions, aid, etc. from the outside cannot be received, and accurate discussion or communication within the crowd also becomes impossible.
3. A single trigger can cause the crowd to suddenly all move in a single, bad direction, and stopping this can be very difficult.