week 13 altitude and physiology

Question 1

what is moderate altitude

Answer 1

1500-300m
- where most atheletics occur

Question 2

what is high altitude

Answer 2

greater than 3000m

Question 3

what is extreme altitude

Answer 3

over 5500m

Question 4

as barometric (air) pressure decreases

Answer 4

altitude increases and weight of column of air above point of measurement decreases

Question 5

up to 20,000 neters the chemical composition of the atmosphere is

Answer 5

the same

Question 6

what is the partial pressure of 02 at sea level vs atmohspere and mount everst

Answer 6

• sea level there is alot of o2 in the air (160mmHG PO2)
  then as u go up this number increases and the ambient air at summit of mt everest is 52mm Hg

Question 7

as we go up in altitude what goes down

Answer 7

the inspired PO2 and the Barometric pressure

Question 8

what is a oxyhemoglobin curve and what does it show

Answer 8

curve of hemoglobin 02 saturation vs PO2
shows that only a small change in the percent saturation of hemoglobin is observed with decreasing PO2 until about 3000

Question 9

air temp ____________ linerarly by 6.5 degrees per 1000 meters of altitude

Answer 9

decreases

Question 10

what happens to air (water) when increasing altitude and solar radiation

Answer 10

becomes more dry and solar radiation is more intense

Question 11

what is a critical alveolar PO2 at which an unacclimatized person loses consciousness

Answer 11

exposure to hypoxia at an altiude of 7000m

Question 12

what is the second highest mountain

Answer 12

K2

Question 13

what is the point of camps on mountains

Answer 13

• give place for climbers to stop and allow their bodies to adapt and get good weather

Question 14

what happens to Ca02 (arterial) as altitude increases

Answer 14

it decreases

Question 15

what happens as our body adapts to high altitudes

Answer 15

cardiac output / heart rate also increases

Question 16

what is the most important long term adaptation to altitde

Answer 16

an increase in the blood’s oxygen carrying capacity

Question 17

how does the blood oxygen carrying capacity increase

Answer 17

the hemoglobin increases in first two days due to decrease in the plasma volume and then then there is an increase in RBC production by bone marrow

Question 18

what nutrient do we need for better oxygen carrying capacity

Answer 18

iron

Question 19

what occurs when the 02 dissociation curve goes to the right

Answer 19

unloads more o2 at the tissues for a given capillary PO2

Question 20

what does the decrease in alveolar PO2 lead to

Answer 20

it decreases the arterial PO2, stimulates aortic and cartid chemoreceptors and increase in ventilation which causes an increase in Pao2

Question 21

what is hyperventilation

Answer 21

• a decrease in PaCO2 and PACO2 increase blood ph, HCO3 levels decrease because kidneys excrete excess HCO3 to componestae

Question 22

at high altitudes what happens to excersise (VO2 max)

Answer 22

the Vo2 max is decreased approx 30%

Question 23

how much 02 is required at a higher altitude at what work rate

Answer 23

• slightly more and at the same work rate

Question 24

why during heavy excersise and blood lactate at a higher alitude is there a greater workload

Answer 24

1. Vo2 max is reduce and workload is now harder to perform
   2.reduced blood bufferin capacity due to excretion of certain bicarbonate

Question 25

the longer you stay at an altitude what happens to your performance and how does it compare to sea levels

Answer 25

performance gets better but never as good as sea ;level values

Question 26

what does high altitude do to our appetite

Answer 26

depresses it and we loose body fat and lean body mass

Question 27

how ,many weeks do atheletes need to acclimatize

Answer 27

2-3 weeks

Question 28

what is sleep high train low

Answer 28

atheletes will sleep at high altitudes and relax and then train at low altitudes - allows u to train harder and adapt

Question 29

what happens to performance after returning to sea level

Answer 29

no increase in vo2 max doesn't really improve performance

Question 30

how does the body adapt to altitude when returning to sea level

Answer 30

- increased hemogloblin local muscle adaptations

Question 31

what adaptations hinder performance on returning to sea level (4)

Answer 31

- decreased max stroke volume and max heart rate - increased Ve at given workload - decreased buffering capacity for lactic acid - specificty of training - must lower workload

Question 32

what is staged ascent

Answer 32

slow ascent to allow our body to adapt when going to high altitudes "work high but sleep low" - prof hike up and sleep lower

Question 33

what should we avoid to prevent altitude illness

Answer 33

alcohol or depressant drugs (sleeping pills), these worsen respiratory drive

Question 34

what should we eat to prevent altitude illness

Answer 34

high carbohydrate diet 70% carbs

Question 35

how can excersie prevent altitude illness

Answer 35

appropriate amounts of excerise, don't fatigue or become too breathless

Question 36

what drugs prevent altitude illness

Answer 36

prophylaxis - can help but is not recommended for routine, drug of choice is acetazolamide (diamox)

Question 37

what role does hydration play in preventing altitude illness

Answer 37

- we need to drink lots of water, enough for diluted urine, dehydration is a cause of headache at altitude

Question 38

what is one of the main factorsto keep in mind when preventing altitude illness

Answer 38

- its very indvidual, everyone climatizes a different rates

Question 39

what is acute mountain sickness

Answer 39

- depdent of a elevation, ascent and individual

Question 40

what are the symptoms of acute mountain sickness

Answer 40

- headache, fatigue, irritability, nausea, vomit, feels like alcohol hangover

Question 41

what is the treatment for AMS

Answer 41

acclimatization or descent

Question 42

what is HIgh altitude pumonary edema

Answer 42

the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli which leads to decreased diffusing capacity ofr oxygen

Question 43

what are the risk factors of HAPE

Answer 43

the rate of ascent to that altitude and individual susceptibility

Question 44

what are the symptoms of High altitude pulmonary edema

Answer 44

- short breath fatigue, cough, insomnia and tachycardia - individuals can freeze to death

Question 45

treatment of high altitude pulmonary edema

Answer 45

descend to lower altitude and diuretics are helpful if fluids are replaced as rapidly as they are exvcreted

Question 46

what is high altitude cerebral edema (HACE)

Answer 46

the accumation of excess fluid in the brain, symptoms: loss of coordination, hallucinatuons, confusion

Question 47

what is the treatment for HACE

Answer 47

descend, dieuretics diomox and dexamthasone