week 11 motor control and learning Flashcards
what is a motor skill
an act or task that has a goal to chieve that requires voluntary body movement to be properly performed
what occurs during the acquisition of a motor skill
process in which the learner develops a set of motor responses into an integrated and organized movement pattern
what is the difference between ability and skill
ability = a general trait affected by both learning and heredity (eg: balance)
skill = a specific to a give task and is gained through experience (balance beam skill)
what are some of the components called motor abilities that contribute to how skill learning occurs?
Muscular strength,
muscular endurance,
cardiovascular endurance,
speed, agility, balance,
eye/hand/foot coordination, control precision,
multi-limb coordination,
reaction time, manual dexterity, and power.
what are the three classification systems
- gross vs fine
- discrete vs continuous
- closed vs open
what is the gross vs fine classification system
based on precision of movement
- rehab
what are gross motor skills
- involve large muscle movements eg: walking, jumping, sports
- precision through smooth coordination of movement is essential for skills
what are fine motor skills
skills that require the ability to control small muscles of the body for a skill
- generally involve hand eye coordination and high degree of precision (piano)
who works with gross motor skills and who works with fine motor skills
- physical therapists = gross
- occupational therapists = fine
what is the classification system of discrete vs continuous about
based on distinctiveness of beginning and end points of the movement
- this classification system is most commonly used by motor learning researcehers
what is a discrete motor skill
has a defined beginning and end point eg: golf
can be put together in series (serial motor skills) eg dance routine
what is a continuous motor skill
has arbitrary beginning and end points
The performer or some external force determines the beginning or end point of the skill rather than the skill itself -
eg: running swimming
what is the classification system of closed vs open based on
stability of the environment in which the skill is preformed
what is a closed skill
envirornment is stable and predictable
- gold, weightlifting, swimming
these skills are self paced and stimulus waits to be acted on by the performer
what are open skills
envirornment is constantly changing (team sports) or tennis
externally paced
- requires rapid decisions
what are fundamental movement skills
foundational movements that form our more specialized and complex skills
running kicking coordination
what are the three categories of fundamental movement skills
- body management - bending twisting climbing etc
- locomotor skills - crawling running
- object control skills - throwing catching striking
what is physical literacy
the ability to engage with your environment and move your body well
- developed in childhood and maintained
why is it important for children to stay active
the more active you are as a child the more likely you will be active for the rest of your life
why are fundamental movement skill important at a young age
- more confidence to move throughout your life
functional health and physical literacy reduce as we get older which reduces?
quality of life
what is motor learning
permanent change in performance levels of a motor task because of practice
eg: riding a bike
what are the two categories of motor learning
- sensorimotor adaptation
- skill learning
what is sensorimotor adaptation
sensorimotor system responds to altered environment or conditions by reducing errors to regain previous level of performance
eg: recovery after a stroke
