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NATS > Week 13 > Flashcards

Week 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Are homologous chromosomes genetically identical

A

no

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2
Q

What are alleles

A

The different DNA sequences that may be present for a given gene

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3
Q

What is a gene

A

Segment of DNA that affects one or more traits in an organism

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4
Q

What are traits

A

Phenotypes expressed in individual organisms

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4
Q

So alleles produce different ____ which produce different ____ among individuals

A

So alleles produce different genotypes, which produce different phenotypes among individuals

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5
Q

What is key to genetic diversity

A

Independent assortment

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6
Q

how does crossing over increase genetic variation in genes

A

It exchanges segments of DNA between maternal and paternal
homologous chromosomes

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7
Q

What is a random mix of maternal and paternal genetic material

A

The homologues and sister chromatids distributed to each daufhter cell during meiosis

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8
Q

What are the processes that occur during meiosis 1 that further increase genetic variation in offspring

A

Crossing over
Independent assortment of homologs

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9
Q

What do non sister chromatids from each homolog exchange

A

They exchange segments

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10
Q

What are the points where chromosomes cross called

A

Chiasmata

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11
Q

How do independent assortments increase genetic variation

A

Independent assortment can split up alleles on different chromosomes that were originally inherited from one parent

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12
Q

Why odes meiosis happen

A

To produce gametes

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13
Q

Why is meiosis necessary for sexual reproduction

A

It produces gametes with half the chromomsmoes the offspring needs

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14
Q

What happens after transcription

A

RNA Processing!
* Edits out “extra” information that is not used to express the protein.
* Introns, or “Inserts” are removed.
* Exons are portions left behind that are fused together to
make a mature mRNA strand

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15
Q

MRNA Processing

A

INTRONS: removed
EXONS: make up the final,
mature mRNA strand.

16
Q

True or False: An mRNA transcript found in the cytoplasm produced by this particular sequence of DNA is the same length as the region of DNA from which it was copied

A

false

17
Q

Translation

A

Ribosomes read the copy of the instructions, use pieces to construct the component. This creates a 2-D segment of amino acids called a polypeptide that then folds into a 3-D structure. This is a protein.

18
Q

Transcription

A

process ofo making copy of the gene

19
Q

what is a gene

A

A gene is a segment of DNA that affects one or more traits in an organism.

NATS (14 decks)

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