Week 12: Vocab

Question 1

Adipose Tissue

Answer 1

Stores excess carbohydrates and proteins that have been converted to fat by the liver

Question 2

Bile

Answer 2

Material produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder that helps dissolve fats

Question 3

Cellular Respiration

Answer 3

The process where cells extract energy from food molecules

Question 4

Epiglottiss

Answer 4

Flap of tissue that covers the trachea when swallowing foods, liquids and saliva

Question 5

Glycogen

Answer 5

Multi- subunit molecule composed of glucose

Question 6

Ligament

Answer 6

Band of tissue that connects two bones, cartilage or joints together

Question 7

Myofibril

Answer 7

Composed of actin and myosin filaments arranged as sarcomeres attached end to end

Question 8

Pharynx

Answer 8

Chamber located at the back of the throat that connects the mouth to the digestive and respiratory tracts

Question 9

Skeleton

Answer 9

Supports the body, protects soft parts and stores minerals

Question 10

Vitamin

Answer 10

It assists enzymes in the regulation of specific cellular chemical pathways (not broken down for energy or destroyed during use)
Most vitamins cant be produced by the body so they must be included in our diet

Question 11

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 11

The energy currency of the cell

Question 12

BMI

Answer 12

Tool for determining whether one’s weight is in the healthy range

Question 13

Digestive System

Answer 13

Enables the contraction of energy from the chemical bonds of food molecules

Question 14

Esophagus

Answer 14

Muscular tube that leads to the stomach and trachea

Question 15

Glycolysis

Answer 15

ultimately splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules.

Question 16

Liver

Answer 16

Organ that produces bile

Question 17

NADH

Answer 17

Works like a storage battery for high energy electrons collected during extractions of energy from pyruvic acid

Question 18

Rectum

Answer 18

Stores feces until they can be eliminated
The last 6 inches of the large intestine

Question 19

Sphincter

Answer 19

The ring of muscle that regulates the opening of the tube

Question 20

Anus

Answer 20

The exterior, posterior opening of the digestive tract

Question 21

Calorie

Answer 21

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one millilitre of water by one degree celsius

Question 22

Fiber

Answer 22

Roughage composed of complex carbohydrates that cant be fully digested
Helps keep things moving in the digestive system

Question 23

Mineral

Answer 23

Inorganic molecule (does not contain carbon) that helps with bone/tooth development, muscle contraction/relaxation, nerve impulses and fluid balance

Question 24

Krebs cycle

Answer 24

Krebs cycle is used by organisms that respire (as opposed to organisms that ferment) to generate energy

Question 25

Pancreas

Answer 25

Secretes materials that neutralize the acidic chyme and enzymes that digest carbohydrates, proteins and fats

Question 26

Salivary Gland

Answer 26

Secretes saliva at the presence of food in the mouth. Which contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of carbohydrates into simple sugar subunits

Question 27

Steroid

Answer 27

Drug that mimics the functions of normal sex hormones and makes muscles bigger

Question 28

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 28

The basic level of calorie intake to support life functions

Question 29

Cartilage

Answer 29

Flexible tissue that protects the end of bones

Question 30

Electron transport chain (ETC)

Answer 30

The main producer of ATP

Question 31

Gallbladder

Answer 31

Organ that stores bile

Question 32

Large intestine/colon

Answer 32

Organ that absorbs water, salts and some vitamins, and hold waste prior to elimination

Question 33

Muscle fiber

Answer 33

Composed of a bundle of myofibrils aligned parallel to one another

Question 34

Peristalsis

Answer 34

Waves of muscle contraction that propel swallowed food towards the stomach and through the digestive system

Question 35

Sarcomere

Answer 35

A contraction unit of muscle Made up of proteins actin and myosin

Question 36

Tendon

Answer 36

Cord of tissue that connects muscle to bone