Week 12 reading Flashcards
Policy makers should be guided by fundamental principles are core values to:
Enhance well-being and independence
To ensure comprehensive coverage and full access to the benefits provided by policies
To contain costs
To respect fundamental human rights
To meet the diverse needs of aging population
Those values and principles help to eliminate discriminatory practices against older people, and they ensure older adult’s
autonomy
independence
safety
security
dignity
self-esteem
privacy
right to choose
Policies and programs for older adults are often most effective if they are created with the following criteria and related to question in mind
1.Not exclusively based on age as a criterion for access or eligibility
2.Developed by following needs assessment and research reviews that facilitate evidence-based decision-making
3.Inclusive benefits-ask who is included and excluded
4.Based on sharing through user fees
5.Client centred
6.Coordinated and integrated
7.Based on collaboration and co-operation between ministries or agencies at all levels of government
8.Protective of legal and human rights
9.Designed to ensure that a minimum standard of living is maintained throughout the later life of all older citizens
10.Evaluated and revised, as necessary
11.Flexible
2.Sustainable
What does advocates of privatization argue
-if certain programs or services were privatized, it would ease the public financial burden
For governments, privatization is
way to reduce spending and demonstrate fiscal restraint to the voting public
Researchers and the public are asking
Whether or not private sectors are more efficient
Whether access to services will be restricted to those who can afford them
Whether a low quality of care may result if public services are discontinued
If the required standards of care are unenforceable or are reduced so that a private entrepreneur can generate profit
True or False: There should be programs and services that meet needs along a continuum from “individualism” to “collectivism”\
true
The debate for who is responsible for support is is fuelled when the following questions about economic and social security are raised:
-Should the public provide universal and complete pensions, or should individuals, through the private sector, be responsible for building their own pension benefits?
-Should the family or the state be responsible for the care and welfare of older citizens?
-Do older adults have the right, because of their past contributions, to be cared for in the later years?
-Should expensive health-care services, such as transplants and hip replacements, MRI scans, pacemakers, and kidney dialysis, be rationed or restricted on the basis of age rather than need, or should there be copayments?
-Should scarce resources be reallocated to the elderly in the interest of social justice?
What does the apocalyptic view of public policy argue
population aging means we can no longer finance all the health, special and economic benefits that older adults need
What do policies include a mix of
univeral and need-based benefits,
social insurance and increased individual responsibility to pay some or all of the cost for a benefit or service
What do policies have to accomadate
gender
martial
ethnic
regional
class
urban-rural
and other personal differences among both the recipients and those who provide care and service
Many policies foster rather than redress gender inequalities and thereby disadvantage
women, similarly members of some religious or ethnic groups, LGBTQ groups
True or False: policies should be proactive
true
True or False: Public policies represent distant forces that can have a positive or negative impact on individual lives, especially in the interconnected domains of education, work, family economic security, and health care across the life course.
true
What lag exists in policy making
cultural or structural lag
