Week 12 reading Flashcards
Policy makers should be guided by fundamental principles are core values to:
Enhance well-being and independence
To ensure comprehensive coverage and full access to the benefits provided by policies
To contain costs
To respect fundamental human rights
To meet the diverse needs of aging population
Those values and principles help to eliminate discriminatory practices against older people, and they ensure older adult’s
autonomy
independence
safety
security
dignity
self-esteem
privacy
right to choose
Policies and programs for older adults are often most effective if they are created with the following criteria and related to question in mind
1.Not exclusively based on age as a criterion for access or eligibility
2.Developed by following needs assessment and research reviews that facilitate evidence-based decision-making
3.Inclusive benefits-ask who is included and excluded
4.Based on sharing through user fees
5.Client centred
6.Coordinated and integrated
7.Based on collaboration and co-operation between ministries or agencies at all levels of government
8.Protective of legal and human rights
9.Designed to ensure that a minimum standard of living is maintained throughout the later life of all older citizens
10.Evaluated and revised, as necessary
11.Flexible
2.Sustainable
What does advocates of privatization argue
-if certain programs or services were privatized, it would ease the public financial burden
For governments, privatization is
way to reduce spending and demonstrate fiscal restraint to the voting public
Researchers and the public are asking
Whether or not private sectors are more efficient
Whether access to services will be restricted to those who can afford them
Whether a low quality of care may result if public services are discontinued
If the required standards of care are unenforceable or are reduced so that a private entrepreneur can generate profit
True or False: There should be programs and services that meet needs along a continuum from “individualism” to “collectivism”\
true
The debate for who is responsible for support is is fuelled when the following questions about economic and social security are raised:
-Should the public provide universal and complete pensions, or should individuals, through the private sector, be responsible for building their own pension benefits?
-Should the family or the state be responsible for the care and welfare of older citizens?
-Do older adults have the right, because of their past contributions, to be cared for in the later years?
-Should expensive health-care services, such as transplants and hip replacements, MRI scans, pacemakers, and kidney dialysis, be rationed or restricted on the basis of age rather than need, or should there be copayments?
-Should scarce resources be reallocated to the elderly in the interest of social justice?
What does the apocalyptic view of public policy argue
population aging means we can no longer finance all the health, special and economic benefits that older adults need
What do policies include a mix of
univeral and need-based benefits,
social insurance and increased individual responsibility to pay some or all of the cost for a benefit or service
What do policies have to accomadate
gender
martial
ethnic
regional
class
urban-rural
and other personal differences among both the recipients and those who provide care and service
Many policies foster rather than redress gender inequalities and thereby disadvantage
women, similarly members of some religious or ethnic groups, LGBTQ groups
True or False: policies should be proactive
true
True or False: Public policies represent distant forces that can have a positive or negative impact on individual lives, especially in the interconnected domains of education, work, family economic security, and health care across the life course.
true
What lag exists in policy making
cultural or structural lag
True or False: cultural lag can be intensified in developing countries that are expecting rapid population aging, and therefore are challenged to keep pace with developing health, social and other needs
True
Todays population aging and changing social values requires that public policies meet the needs of all citizens in what type of society
aging society, regardless of age
What type of approach is being advocated to social policy
life-course
True or False: A life-course approach to social policy is being recognized that increasingly the traditional view of a life course with three distinct stages (education, work, retirement ) is no longer the societal norm, rather three stages overlap, and citizens have the right and the opportunity to learn and work at any age, including well past the age of 65
True
What does public policy consist of
a set of laws
regulations
services
support systems
and programs
Which governments make public policies
federal, provincial, regional or local
True or false: Some programs such as education are partially funded at one level (federal) and delivered at another level (provincial)
true
What is the British North America Act
gave the federal government jurisdiction over social matters and economic security but left other, related responsibilities to the provinces
What happens when federal deficits grow
transfer payments to the province are reduced
What is the process called when the provinces reduce transfer payments to regional and municipal governments
downloading fiscal responsibility to a lower level of government and to the individual, who must now pay for a service that must previously have been provided by a government agency
At the federal level, programs for seniors are provided by at least 6 major departments:
-Employment and social development canada
-The public health agency of canada
-Division of aging and seniors
-Health Canada
-First nations and inuit health
-Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
-Veterans Affairs Canada
-The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation
Similar multi-departmental responsibilities exist at the
provincial, territorial, regional and municipal government levels
What does Uncertainty over jurisdictional responsibilities inhibits
Cohesive policy-making
fosters a lack of coordination among agencies
creates gaps in the ideal continuum of services
Public policy on issues of aging is a shared responsibility of
the state
the individual
the family
and some private sectors
True or False: Policies are also shaped by or not introduced at all because of the political ideology of the party in power and the existing or anticipated economic climate
True
