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2711 Aging > Week 11 Reading > Flashcards

Week 11 Reading Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Gerontologists and thanatologists distinguish physical death from social death

A

True

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2
Q

Social death

A

the perception or behaviour of others when they view or treat a person as if physically dead when the body has not died yet

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3
Q

True or false: physical death sometimes precedes social death

A

True (in some cultures family may define a physically dead elderly family member as alive until they have saved enough $ for the funeral-do not acknowledge death until the funeral takes place)

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4
Q

Mexican Day of the Dead

A

Celebrate the day of the dead each year
Blend of indigenous and european culture
Commemorates on-going relationships between the living and the dead
Parades, families set up altars in their homes
All welcome spirits of the dead
Festival promotes good relations between the living and the dead
Tends to be costly

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5
Q

What do indigenous people view the process of dying as

A

preparing the spirit for this journey

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6
Q

Cryonics

A

freezing the body in hope that someday science will bring the dead back to life

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7
Q

What are improvements that have led to increased life expectancy

A

Modern medical treatments
better nutritions

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8
Q

Life expectancy at birth in Canada from 2015-2017 for males and females

A

79.9 years for Males, 84.0 years for females

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9
Q

In 2018-2019, seniors accounted for __ percent of all deaths in Canada

A

80%

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10
Q

Trajectory of dying

A

he pattern or course of dying over time, example (sudden death or slow decline), differs today from the past

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11
Q

What percent of deaths in Canada have a sudden-death trajectory

A

10%

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12
Q

Where do long trajectory vs short trajectory deaths take place

A

long-term care facilities
home or hospital

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13
Q

True or False: the percentage of deaths occurring in a hospital in Canada has been declining since the 1990s

A

True

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14
Q

Where do the large majority of deaths take place in Canada (85%)

A

institutional setting

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15
Q

What are the two awareness contexts for dying

A

a closed or an open awareness context

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16
Q

What happens in a closed awareness context

A

professionals , the patient and the family may all now that death will occur soon, but no one discusses this “secret”

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17
Q

What happens in an open awareness context

A

All these people communicate about the impending death

18
Q

What does todays research and modern medical care support

A

an open awareness context

19
Q

True or False:

A

Researchers noted that in an ideal world, physicians and nurses would discuss with the patient and their family members the options available for car

20
Q

E. theory, Life Review: a dying person looks over their life, seeks a conviction that their life has had meaning and purpose and prepares for death

A

a dying person looks over their life, seeks a conviction that their life has had meaning and purpose and prepares for death

21
Q

E. Ego integrity

A

the acceptance of the notion that one’s life cycle is something complete and unique

22
Q

Reasons for delaying the conversation about end-of-life care include

A

-Discomfort with the topic of dying and death
-Uncertainty about when death would occur
-Another includes professional ethics that -emphasizes the maintenance of life and patient -family expectations that everything possible be done to extend life

23
Q

What is activity theory

A

people waat to stay active throughout their lives and substitute new roles and activities for ones that they lose as they age
When people retire activity theory says: they have the highest life satisfaction if they find new things do do
Theory says nothing about death although it would support living life to the fullest even when dying

24
Q

Disengagement theory:

A

people want to disengage from social roles as they age
-retirement and withdrawal from social responsibilities

25
Q

Tornstam’s gerontranscenderce suggests seniors may:

A

Become more accepting of life mysteries and uncertainties
Find enjoyment in the little things
Emphasize family connections past, present and future
- Seniors have the potential to redefine themselves in old age
- emphasizes individual choices over conforming to society

26
Q

Kubler-Ross (1969) five stages of dying: BAADD

A

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

27
Q

Bereavement:
Grief:
Mourning:

A

Bereavement: the state of having recently experienced the death of a significant other
Grief: sense of profound loss and the experience of deep sorrow
Mourning: public expression of grief, typically following social and cultural rules

28
Q

The Changing Lives of Older Couples (2006) study found five responses to the loss of a partner:

A

-Chronic grief (defined as low pre-loss depression, high post-loss depression after 6 to 18 months)
-Common grief or recovery (low pre-loss depression and high post-loss depression at 6 months with improvement at 18 months)
-Resilience (low pre- and low post-loss depression at 6 and 18 months
-Depressed-improved (high pre-loss depression and low post-loss depression at 6 and 18 months)
-Chronic depression (high pre-loss depression and high post-loss depression at 6 and 18 months)

29
Q

Allowing a patient to die

A

Death often follows the decision of the family and the healthcare provider tob cease treatment and allow the patient to die
Persons lacking the mental competence rely on someone else to decide

30
Q

Advance directions

A

can help family members and healthcare workers make difficult medical decisions
-A precise statement of the desired treatment and care, including what medical actions are to be taken under what conditions, and a declaration of who has the right to decide in the situation when the writer of the advance directive can no longer express their wishes

31
Q

Power of attorney

A

A legal document that gives someone, usually a lawyer, adult family member, or friend, the right to make decisions on behalf of the ill person if the person losess his or her mental

32
Q

Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order:

A

A person may request that resuscitation not be attempted if the person’s heart stops; the dying persons physician may then place a do-not-reuscitate (DNR) order on the patients medical care
chart

33
Q

Various settings of palliative care

A

hospice, hospital or patients home

34
Q

Hospice care and Palliative Care

A

Includes pain management, symptom management, social, psychological, emotional and spiritual support and caregiver support
Ensures family receives support

35
Q

Palliative care in indigenous communities

A

-Often lack access to palliative care programs
-Ending life in a hospital cuts off the patient from support networks
-Elders prefer to die in their own community with family and friends
-Research calls for more funding: removing federal, provincial and territorial jurisdiction barriers; and culturally appropriate services

36
Q

Babitz and colleagues suggestions to ease the distress of indigenous patients in a hospital setting

A
  1. Interpreters can assists communication between staff, family and patient
  2. Hospitals need rooms large enough for extended family members to visit the dying person
  3. Hospitals need to allow family members time to spend with the dying persons
  4. Healthcare professionals need to understand the values and cultural preferences of an indigenous elder
37
Q

Families try to care for their dying relative at home

A

Requires the support of family members, often assisted by healthcare professionals
Many older people have no one at home to provide palliative care

38
Q

Importance of caregiver respite care

A

Temporary institutional care of a sick, elderly, or disabled person, providing relief for their usual caregiver

39
Q

Physician-assisted suicide

A

-A physician provides a patient with advice about how to die by suicide or with the technical means to die by suicide
-Example: as doctor to prescribe a lethal dose of medicine and you take it yourself

40
Q

Active voluntary euthanasia

A

Intervening actively to end a person’s life at the person’s request

41
Q

Medical assistance in dying (MAID)

A

-A physician or nurse practitioner helps a person die either by assisting the patients suicide by euthanasia
-In June 2016, the government of Canada legislated guidelines for medical assistance in dying
-Prior to this, a physician in Canada could not legally assist your suicide. Nor could a physician cause your death if you asked

42
Q

What happened in the first 2.5 years of MAID implementation:

A

-Just over 1% of all deaths were due to MAID
Average age: 72
-Most deaths took placed in hospital or patients home
-Most common underlying medical issues: cancer (63 percent), circulatory or respiratory diseases (16 percent), and neurodegenerative diseases (12 percent)

2711 Aging (7 decks)

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