Week 12 (Intro to Coordination Chem) Flashcards
Coordination Complex (Complex Ion)
-central metal ion surrounded by a certain number of ligands
-the product of a Lewis acid-base reaction in which neutral molecules or anions (called ligands) bond to a central metal atom (or ion) by coordinate covalent bond
-a central metal ion has empty orbitals that can accept electron pairs
-a ligand contains at least one atom capable of donating a pair of electrons
-can be positive, negative, or neutral
Coordinate covalent bond (Dative bond)
- a covalent bond (a shared pair of electrons) in which both electrons come from the same atom
Ligand
-a ligand is an ion or molecule with a functional group that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex
-The bonding with the metal generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand’s electron pairs, often through Lewis bases
-Lewis Base (electron pair donor)
Complex compound
-a compound containing at least 1 complex ion
-example: complex cation + simple anion, simple cation + complex anion, complex cation + complex anion, complex neutral molecule
-when coordination compounds dissolve in water, the complex ions usually remain intact (ionic bonds are soluble in water, while covalent bonds are not soluble in water (complex ions are held together by covalent bonds))
Coordination Number
-the number of ligand sites around the central atom
-the CN of a complex ion depends on the nature of both the central metal ion and the ligands (ex. CN of Fe³⁺ is always 6, CN of Co²⁺ can be 4 or 6)
-complexes of different CN can take different geometries
Geometries of different complexes
-CN=2 : linear
-CN=4 : tetrahedral/square-planar
-CN=6: octahedral
common monodentate ligands
-H₂O
-CN⁻
-CO
-NH₃
-Cl⁻
-O₂
Monodentate
-ligands that occupy only one metal binding site (using one pair of lone electrons)
Polydentate
-occupy multiple metal binding sites
common polydentate ligands
-ethylendiamine (en) (bidentate)
-oxalate (C₂O₄²⁻) (bidentate)
-ethylendiaminetetraacetate (EDTA⁴⁻) (hexadentate)
Chelating agent
-compound capable of binding metal ions to form complex ring-like structure “chelates”
-another name for polydentate ligand
chelate
compound containing a ligand bonded to a central metal atom at 2 or more points
d-orbitals and coordination complexes
-ligands interact with d-orbitals on central metal
-presence of ligands causes the d-orbitals to split in energy
-d-orbitals contain 5 orbitals that fill with electrons
-metals often have empty orbitals
-when surrounded by ligands, orbitals change in energy
-splitting of d-orbitals of central metal allows a complex to absorb the electro-magnetic wave within the visible spectrum (thus, many complexes have color)
Colors and d-orbitals
-when d-orbitals split, difference between orbital’s energy levels correlates to color of complex
-energy change of octahedral complexes are greater than energy change of tetrahedral complexes
Central metal
-Lewis acid (electron pair acceptor)