Week 1 (Intro)

Question 1

period

Answer 1

row in periodic table

Question 2

group

Answer 2

column in periodic table

Question 3

Alkaline Metals

Answer 3

group 1 of periodic table (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs)

Question 4

Alkaline earth metals

Answer 4

group 2 of periodic table (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba)

Question 5

Halogens

Answer 5

group 17 of periodic table (F, Cl, Br, I, At)

Question 6

Transition metals

Answer 6

groups 3-12 of periodic table (Sc, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Ag, Au, Hg, Fe)

Question 7

Noble gases

Answer 7

group 18 of periodic table (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)

Question 8

Reactivity of an element

Answer 8

depends on number of electrons surrounding the center, in orbitals

Question 9

What is in the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 9

protons and neutrons

Question 10

proton

Answer 10

positively charged particle

Question 11

neutron

Answer 11

neutral charged particle

Question 12

electron

Answer 12

negatively charged particle

Question 13

Mass number (A)

Answer 13

mass of an atom, depends on number of protons and neutrons in nucleus

Question 14

element

Answer 14

an element is a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reaction, made up of only one atom

Question 15

atomic number (Z)

Answer 15

number of protons in nucleus of an atom, determines chemical properties of an element

Question 16

Electron configuration

Answer 16

tells us how the electrons are arranged in the orbitals of an atom

Question 17

shell

Answer 17

energy levels of orbitals, energy increases as distance from nucleus increases (contains subshells such as 2s, 2p)

Question 18

valence electrons

Answer 18

occupy the outermost shell or highest energy level of an atom, participate in chemical bonding

Question 19

core electrons

Answer 19

occupy the inner shells or lower energy levels, do not participate in chemical bonding

Question 20

Main group element valence electron numbers

Answer 20

number of valence electrons corresponds to OLD group numbers (ex. Na has 1, B has 3, O has 6)

Question 21

Noble Gas Cofiguration

Answer 21

8 valence electrons, a stable electron configuration that most atoms try to achieve when forming ions

Question 22

How elements make ions/compounds

Answer 22

same group elements have similar properties
-Halogens form -1 anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-)
-Alkali metals form +1 cations (Li+, Na+, K+)
-Group 16 forms -2 anions (O(2-), S(2-), Se(2-))
-Alkaline Earth Metals form +2 cations (Be(2+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+))

Question 23

anion

Answer 23

a negatively charged ion (usually nonmetals)

Question 24

cation

Answer 24

a positively charged ion (usually metals)

Question 25

ion

Answer 25

an atom or molecule with an electrical charge, either positive or negative

Question 26

Molecular formulas

Answer 26

list element symbols w/ subscripts that indicate the number of atoms in the molecule, gives no info about structure (ex. CH2O)

Question 27

Structural formulas

Answer 27

same info as molecular formula, but also show how the atoms are connected (ex. H2O->
H-O-H)

Question 28

Pure substances

Answer 28

a single kind of matter that cannot be separated into other matter by any physical means

Question 29

compound

Answer 29

a substance made from multiple elements

Question 30

atomic element

Answer 30

an element with only one atom present (ex. Ne)

Question 31

Molecular element

Answer 31

a pure substance made up of two or more atoms of the same element (ex. S8, P4, and naturally occurring diatomics: Br2, I2, N2, Cl2, H2, O2, F2)

Question 32

Naturally occurring diatomics

Answer 32

Br2, I2, N2, Cl2, H2, O2, F2
(Brinklhof)

Question 33

Molecular compounds

Answer 33

compounds made up of neutral elements that are held together by shared electrons via covalent bonds (ex. H2O), no polyatomic ions

Question 34

Ionic compounds

Answer 34

neutral compounds made up of oppositely charged ions held together by an ionic bond (electron transfer) (ex. NaCl)

Question 35

Ionic bond

Answer 35

-formed between a metal and a nonmetal (cation and anion)
-electrons are transferred
-bond is electrostatic attraction (opposite charges)
-exists as 3D lattices

Question 36

Covalent bond

Answer 36

-formed between a nonmetal and nonmetal (neutral charges)
-electrons are shared
-exist as discrete molecules

Question 37

Polyatomic Ions

Answer 37

covalently bonded set of two or more atoms that can behave as a single unit (can form ionic bonds with other ions) and has a net charge that is not zero
(ex. (ClO3)(-))

Question 38

Conversion factors

Answer 38

relationships between units

Question 39

in to cm

Answer 39

1 in = 2.54 cm

Question 40

L to mL

Answer 40

1 L = 1000 mL