Week 12 - Ethics

Question 1

What approx percentage of published psychological research uses animals?

Answer 1

Approx 7-8%.
Research areas may include:
Learning, memory, emotions

Question 2

What’s the Australian code of practice for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes (the 3Rs)

Answer 2

Replacement: must actively developed alternative methods
Reduction: must use no more than minimal number of animals needed to obtain statistically reliable results
Refinement: procedures should be constantly defined to minimise pain and distress.

Question 3

Who are included in human research?

Answer 3

Children and adults 
Databases 
DNA, blood, tissue samples 
Embryos and foetuses 
Vulnerable groups 
Specific cohorts (eg cultural)

Question 4

What was the code that came out of WW2 testing?

Answer 4

The Nuremberg code.

1. Consent of the participant
2. Yield fruitful results
3. Well designed
4. Avoid injury
5. No possible death should be able to occur
6. Risks shouldn’t exceed benefits
7. Safety preparations
8. Conducted by a scientifically qualified person
9. Participants should be able to end experiment
10. Scientist must be prepared to end experiment

Question 5

The Jewish chronic disease hospital study

Answer 5

Cheater M. Southampton injected live cancer cells into 22 patients. Investigated whether the cells are not rejected by body because of the cancer itself or associated deliberation.

Question 6

The Willowbrook state school unethical study

Answer 6

Institution for mentally impaired children. Parents only allows to admit children if they agreed child would participate in study. More than 60 children were intentionally infected with hepatitis.

Question 7

What was the unethical ticketed syphilis experiment?

Answer 7

400 plus black males injected with syphilis. 28 men died if the disease. 40 wives infected. 19 children born with it. USA government still providing compensation.

Question 8

What is the NHMRC?

Answer 8

The national health and medical research council (Australia).

Question 9

What are the five parts of the 2007 national statement in regards to ethics?

Answer 9

1. Values and principles of ethical conduct
2. Themes in research ethics
3. Ethical considerations specific to research methods or fields
4. Ethical considerations specific to participants
5. Processes of research governance and ethical review.

Question 10

What are the values when researching with aboriginals and Torres Strait islanders stated by the national health and medical research council?

Answer 10

Spirit: ongoing connection and continuity between aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people’s past, current and future

Integrity: respectful and honourable behaviours that good aboriginal and Torres Strait islander values and cultures together

Cultural continuity

Equity

Reciprocity (equitable and respectful engagement with and inclusion of aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders)

Respect

Responsibility