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Mental Health > Week 12: clients living with psychotic disorders and personality disorders > Flashcards

Week 12: clients living with psychotic disorders and personality disorders Flashcards

1
Q

psychosis

A

episode where an individual is detached from reality

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2
Q

psychotic disorders

A
  • group of mental health disorders characterized by episodes of psychosis
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3
Q

schizophrenia onset

A

men = 18-25
women = 25-35

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4
Q

schizophrenia causes

A
  • genetics
  • brain development (differences in brain structure and neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin)
  • pregnancy/birth (low birthweight, premature labour, asphyxia during birth)
  • triggers (stress, trauma, drug use)
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5
Q

diagnosing schizophrenia

A

2 or more of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period:
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech
- grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviour
- negative symptoms
* continuous disturbances for at least 6 months & interfere with level of functioning

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6
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A
  • hallucinations
  • delusions
  • disorganized thinking
  • disorganized behaviour
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7
Q

types of delusions

A
  • grandiose: belief that one has exceptional power, wealth, skill, influence, destiny
  • nihilistic
  • persecutory (being watched, ridiculed or harmed)
  • somatic
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8
Q

nihilistic delusions

A
  • belief that one is dead or death is impeding
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9
Q

somatic delusion

A
  • beliefs about abnormalities in bodily functions or structure
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10
Q

disorganized thinking

A
  • disturbance in speech and thinking patterns
  • sensory impairments such as illusions, misperception, or exaggeration of stimulus (goblins in tree branch)
  • non-coherent illogical thought patterns
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11
Q

disorganized behaviour

A
  • aggression, agitation
  • catatonia
  • catatonic excitement
  • echopraxia
  • regressed behaviour
  • stereotype
  • waxy flexibility
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12
Q

catatonia

A

decreased reactivity to environment

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13
Q

catatonic excitement

A

hyperactivity, purposeless activity/movement

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14
Q

echopraxia

A

involuntary imitation of another person’s movement

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15
Q

stereotypy

A

repetitive, purposeless movements

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16
Q

waxy flexibility

A

posture held in fixed position for extended period of time

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17
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A
  • blunting
  • alogia
  • ambivalence
  • avolition
  • anhedonia
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18
Q

blunting

A

flattening intensity of emotion

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19
Q

alogia

A

lack of unprompted speech

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20
Q

ambivalence

A

lack of experience of strong opposing feelings and difficulty with decision making

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21
Q

avolition

A

withdrawal and inability to initiate or carry out a goal related activity

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22
Q

anhedonia

A

loss of ability to experience pleasure

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23
Q

neurocognitive impairment symptoms

A
  • impaired short-term memory
  • reduced attention span
  • impaired verbal fluency
  • executive functioning such as planning, purposive action, self-monitoring
  • manifests into disorganized thoughts/behaviours
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24
Q

trajectory of schizophrenia

A
  • first episode
  • actue illness to stabilization
  • maintenance
  • relapse
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25
Q

first episode of schizophrenia

A
  • often adolescence or early adulthood
  • significant behaviour change
  • early intervention = improved outcomes
26
Q

actue illness to stabilization schizophrenia

A
  • stabilize symptoms
  • decrease risk of suicide
  • normalize sleep
  • reduce substance misuse
  • pharmacological interventions
27
Q

maintenance schizophrenia

A
  • recovery
  • regaining previous level of functioning
  • improve QOL
  • adherence to meds
28
Q

relapses schizophrenia

A
  • non adherence to medication regime
  • subsequent relapses increases time to recovery
  • psychosocial support systems
29
Q

metabolic monitoring for schizophrenia

A
  • anti-psychotics can cause weight gain however episodes of psychosis cause changes to eating patterns this can lead to overweight, insulin resistance, diabetes, and fatty liver
  • monitor blood work: fasting lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c
30
Q

risk for antipsychotics ?

A

extrapyramidal side effects

31
Q

what is the drug to treat extrapyramidal side effects ?

A
  • congentin (benzatropine) which is an anticholinergic drug
32
Q

extrapyramidal side effects (4)

A
  • pseudoparkinsonism
  • akathisia
  • acute dystonia
  • tardive dyskinesia
33
Q

psuedoparkinsonism

A
  • stooped posture
  • suffering gait
  • rigidity
  • bardykinesia
  • tremors at rest
  • pill-rolling motion of the hand
34
Q

acute dystonia

A
  • facial grimacing
  • involuntary upward eye movement
  • muscle spasms of the tongue, face neck, and back (back muscle spasms cause trunk to arch forward)
  • laryngeal spasm
35
Q

akathisia

A
  • restless
  • trouble standing still
  • paces the floor
  • feet in constant motion, rocking back and forth
36
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A
  • protrusion and rolling of the tongue
  • sucking and smacking movements of the lips
  • chewing motion
  • facial dyskinesia
  • involuntary movements of the body and extremities
37
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

characterized by an uninterrupted period of illness where there are major mood episodes either major depressive disorder, manic, or mixed with some of the symptoms of schizophrenia such as delusions and hallucinations

38
Q

delusional disorder

A

characterized by non-bizarre delusions, delusions are social and could possibly occur in reality (believing your partner is cheating, loved by a celebrity and are being followed)
*ability to function is not impaired

39
Q

brief psychotic disorder

A

sudden onset of psychosis or catatonic behaviour lasting less than a month, precipitated by extreme stressors but will return to pre-morbid functioning

40
Q

substance-induced psychosis

A

psychosis that is direct result from physiological effects of medications or substances, can develop during after or from a withdrawal of a substance

41
Q

what is personality

A

it is an inherited characteristic but can be based on experiences and your environment

42
Q

personality disorders

A

they are long term patterns of behaviours and inner experiences that differ significantly from what is expected, some people with personality disorders may not recognize a problem causing impaired insight, might have more than one personality disorder

43
Q

how to diagnose personality disorders

A
  • evaluation of long-term behaviour patterns of functioning and symptoms
  • diagnosis is only applicable to 18 and older
44
Q

what are personality disorder clusters? (3)

A
  • cluster A
  • cluster B
  • cluster C
45
Q

cluster A

A
  • odd, eccentric behaviours and social aversion
46
Q

cluster B

A
  • dramatic, emotional and erratic behaviours
47
Q

cluster C

A
  • anxious and fearful behaviours
48
Q

types of personality disorders related to cluster A symptoms

A
  • paranoid personality disorder
  • schizoid personality disorder
  • schizotypal
49
Q

paranoid personality disorder (PPD)

A
  • believe they can’t trust others
  • avoidant of relationships, suspicious and guarded, argumentative and emotionally reactive
50
Q

schizoid personality disorder (SZPD)

A
  • interested in things not people
  • expressively impassive, unengaged interpersonally, anhedonia, introverted and reclusive, distant, aloof, apathetic, emotionally detached
51
Q

schizotypal personality disorder (STPD)

A
  • difficulty forming social relationships
  • ideas of reference
  • circumstantial and metaphorical thinking
  • constricted mood
  • avoidant behaviour patterns
52
Q

personality disorders related to cluster B syndromes (4)

A
  • antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) (Sociopathy)
  • borderline personality disorder
  • histrionic personality disorder
  • narcissistic personality disorder
53
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A
  • disregards rights of others and violated the rights of others
  • doesn’t follow the ethical and social standards of the community without remorse
54
Q

borderline personality disorder

A
  • intense emotions, poor self-image, impulsive behaviours, lack of stable relationships, fear of abandonment, and sudden shifts in values and life paths
55
Q

histrionic personality disorder (HPD)

A
  • dramatic, emption, attention seeking, need for attention and approval, difficulty forming interpersonal relationships
56
Q

narcissistic personality disorder (NPD)

A
  • a need for admiration, grandiose sense of self (high self-esteem), entitlement, lack of empathy, easily wounded, manipulative, fantasizes about success, power, beauty and perfect love
57
Q

what are personality disorders related to cluster C symptoms ? (3)

A
  • avoidant personality disorder (APD)
  • dependant personality disorder (DPD)
  • Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)
58
Q

avoidant personality disorder (APD)

A
  • avoids social situations due to fear of rejection, timid, shy, and hesitant
  • feelings of tension, sadness, and anger
59
Q

dependent personality disorder (DPD)

A
  • desperate to keep other close, difficulty decision making, fearful of responsibility, require excessive advice and reassurance
60
Q

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)

A
  • inflexibility, perfectionism, and the need to maintain control, preoccupied with lists, rules, schedules, difficulty with change, ridged or stubborn
61
Q

interventions for personality disorders

A
  • long-term psychotherapy (DBT)
  • anti-depressants
  • mood stabilizers

Mental Health (9 decks)

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