Week 12 Flashcards
Neuropsychology
what does neuropsychology study
brain-behaviour relationships
intelligence is a general mental capacity that among other things involves these 7 things…ability to:
reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, learn from experience
what is the Flynn effect?
substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence measured in many parts of the world from 1930 - present. each time IQ tests are re-standardised we seem to get smarter….
the Flynn effect may be explained by these 4 factors:
schooling & test familiarity, change in environment I.e internet exposure, nutrition improvements, decrease in disease & better health
what is Wechsler’s take on intelligence?
global capacity of a person to act purposefully, to think rationally, & to deal effectively in their environment
6 strengths of the Wechsler scales
well known, normative data, rigorous standardisation, good reliability, stable IQ & index cores,co-linking with other tests within the Wechsler family
what does it mean by normative data in the Wechsler tests?
large sample size across age groups, rigorous inclusion criteria, matched to pop & demographic characteristics (sex, ed, ethnicity, religion)
Wechsler viewed intelligence not in terms of capacity (quantity of knowledge) but in terms of
intellectual performance (how one uses their intelligence)
Wechsler scale weaknesses x2
easy to ‘over-interpret’ (esp individual subtests); missing exploration of executive functioning, personality & social intelligence;
4 reasons you’d use Wechsler testing
intelligence testing; explore learning disorders; explore giftedness; strengths & weaknesses
what standard score range (IQ) & percentile rank range would you expect to see from romaine with ‘very superior’ intelligence?
130+ ranked higher than 98-99.99% of pop
what standard score range (IQ) & percentile rank range would you expect to see from romaine with ‘superior’ intelligence?
120-129 ranked higher than 91-97% of pop
what standard score range (IQ); percentile rank range would you expect to see from romaine with ‘high average’ intelligence?
110-119 ranked higher than 75-90% of pop
what standard score range (IQ) &; percentile rank range would you expect to see from romaine with ‘average’ intelligence?
90-109 ranked higher than 25-73% higher than pop
what standard score range (IQ) would you expect to see from someone with ‘extremely low’ intelligence?
69 & below
wechsler test results are discussed in terms of
standard scores and percentiles
what is the average range most scores fall between for the Wechsler tests?
-3 to +3
what does a scaled score of 19 mean in a Wechsler subtext?
vet superior intelligence (99.9 percentile)
what does a scaled score of 8-11 mean in a Wechsler subtext?
average intelligence (25-63 percentile)
what are the 3 subtexts in the perceptual reasoning index?
block design, matrix reasoning, visual puzzles
what’s involved with block design?
make designs using coloured cubes.
what does block design subtest measure?
visuoconstruction ability, spatial awareness
what’s involved with the matrix reasoning subtext in the perceptual reasoning index?
given an incomplete pattern & asked to fill it in from several options
what’s measured with the matrix reasoning subtext in the perceptual reasoning index?
(untimed) non-verbal reasoning
what’s involved with the visual puzzles subtext in the perceptual reasoning index?
asked to choose which patterns go together to make a 2D picture
what’s measured with the visual puzzles subtext in the perceptual reasoning index?
spatial awareness
what is perceptual reasoning?
ability to use info gained through the senses to make sense of them and make judgements about the world/or act accordingly
what other visual puzzles are used in the perceptual reasoning index
figure weights, picture completion
what three things are measured in the working memory index of the WAIS IV?
digit span, arithmetic, letter number sequencing
what three subtests fall under the processing speed index of the WAIS IV?
coding, symbol search, cancellation (all timed)
what’s involved with the coding subtext in the processing speed index?
quickly draw in the mark that matches the number from a specified key
what does the coding subtext measure in the processing speed index?
clerical type speed, learning
what’s involved with the symbol search subtext in the processing speed index?
asked to identify, from 2 shapes, if one of them is in a list of 5 other shapes
what does the symbol search subtext measure in the processing speed index?
speed of visual searching
what’s involved with the cancellation subtext in the processing speed index?
asked to cross out all matching shapes from a large page of them
what does the cancelling subtext measure in the processing speed index?
speed of visual discrimination
what is the first of four steps in scoring the WAIS IV?
score each subtest
what is the 2nd of four steps in scoring the WAIS IV?
convert each subtest to a scaled score (ranges 1-19) using tables in the manual that are based on age, so each subtest has a meaningful score.
what is the 3rd of four steps in scoring the WAIS IV?
add up subtest scores scores, & then convert to an index score (eg working mem index) using tables in the manual. mean of 100 SD of 15
what is the fouth of four steps in scoring the WAIS IV?
create a full scale IQ by adding up the relevant subtests, & then again, using yet manual to convert to a score (mean=100, SD=15)
what 5 areas of cognition does the WAIS IV test?
simple attention span, working memory, processing speed, language, spatial
which Wechsler test measure academic achievement?
WIAT III
what ages does the WIAT III test?
children, adolescents, tertiary students, adults.
how many subtests in the WIAT III?
16
what types of academic skills are measured in the WIAT III? x5
listening, speaking, reading, writing, maths
do participants have to do every subtest in the WIAT III?
no
the WIAT III has 4 indexes what are they?
reading, maths, written language, oral language
what is semantic memory?
facts, world knowledge
what 2 cog areas does the Wechsler memory scale IV test?
memory and learning
in memory and learning the Wechsler memory scale assesses these 6 things
encoding, storage, retrieval, recognition, working memory, semantic memory
