Week 11 Flashcards
Functional analysis
what are the 4 methods of recording behavioural or naturalistic observations
narrative, frequency/interval, event, rating scales
what is a functional behavioural assessment?
not one single thing but a broad term to describe a number of methods that allow researchers and practitioners to identify the reason a specific behaviour is occurring.
first 4 components of a good functional behavioural analysis
description of behaviour, history of problem, antecedent analysis, consequence analysis
the second 4 components of a good functional behavioural analysis
ecological analysis, analysis of function, hypotheses, FERBS
last two components of a good functional behavioural analysis
proactive strategies (80%), reactive strategies (20%)
what is narrative recording?
anecdotal: make note of behaviour of interest, Inc anything noteworthy. in a sequential manner as it happens. records everything seen
why use narrative recording?
to create in-depth picture of behaviour I.e social skills
five things you need to decide when narrative recording
of times to observe, length of obs period, when, target behaviours, method of recording I.e audio, written
in narrative recording it’s important to differentiate between observation and…….
inference
4 advantages of narrative recording
no equipment necessary, open discovery of beh, elaboration welcomed, lots of hypotheses generated
5 disadvantages of narrative recording
no quantification of freq of beh, poor validity, observer skills important, writing style of observer important, poor inter-rater reliability
what does frequency and interval recording focus on
behaviours as they occur within specified time intervals
frequency and interval recording is a way to measure…
the number of times a beh occurs within a given period.
frequency recording is most useful with behaviours that are
discrete and short in duration. eg #of curse words, number of shirt talk ours without raising hand
what are the first 3 steps in interval recording?
- note time obs begins 2. record occurrence of beh (tally mark) 3. note the time obs ends
steps 4 & 5 of frequency & interval recording
- calculate length of time for the obs 5. calculate rate by calculating total #of times the beh occurred & dividing by the number of time intervals then x100 to get % at which the behaviour occurred
what is meant by whole interval?
beh occurred the entire time interval
what is meant by partial interval?
beh occurred at any point during the time interval
interval recording is a shortcut procedure for
estimating the duration of a beh
in interval recording observation happens at
predetermined intervals
in momentary time sampling you look up immediately at what points
pre-designated. and see if beh is occurring
interval recording does not require
continual observation
3 advantages of frequency & interval recording
time efficient, highly focused on specific behs, inclusive (I.e all behs are recorded this way)
first 3 disadvantages of frequency & interval recording
limited time frame does not allow for enquiry of quality of beh, other important beh can be missed, hit & miss (beh doesn’t always occur in time interval set)
second two disadvantages of frequency & interval recording
not suitable for recording intensity of beh, imposes artificial frame on beh (I.e interval observed rather than beh itself)
what does event recording record
each incidence of behaviour as it occurs during observation period
2 things focused on in event recording
rate & duration of behaviour
two ways to define target behaviours
explicit and operational
to define target behaviours as precisely these four things help…
list examples of TB, list examples that are similiar but NOT the TB, give beh ON and beh OFF definitions, give definition to untrained & trained observers to check if they can reliably record occurrence
5 steps to give behavioural definitions
- describe TB 2. example of what it isn’t 3. describe when beh has stopped 4. intensity scale 5. process for investigating function
what are the 5 most common likely functions of behaviour
- social reward 2. material/tangible reward 3. avoid/escape something 4. meet sensory needs 5. manage pain
social input (social reward function of beh) can take many forms and does not have to be in the form of
positive prairie fun, being reprimanded is also social input
what is meant by a tangible reward
seeking something tangible I.e food, games, activities, computer time
the adult engages in challenging beh just prior to leaving for school, resulting in the child not having to go to school at which the behaviour ceases… what type of reward is this
to escape/avoid
what does FERBS stand for?
Functionally Equivalent Replacement Behaviours
first two steps in the FERBS model
- identify the function of the challenging behaviour 2. identify a non-challenging behaviour that meets the same function
steps 3 & 4 in the FERBS model
- identify a way of teaching the client the proposed new behaviour 4. identify a way of persuading the client by offering a reinforcement schedule
