Week 12 Flashcards
Pathogenic bacteria
Airborne
Food and water borne
direct contact (STIs)
Airborne diseases facts/traits
Most involve respiratory system
Higher concentration of bac inside vs outside
Sneeze 10k-100k
Mtb: how is it spread?
Person to person via droplets
Lungs, bacteria engulfed by macrophages and survive
4-12 week incubation
slow symptoms
fever
fatigue
weight loss
coughing
bloody sputum
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mtb pathogenicity
Unique toxic cell envelope components kill eukaryotic cells and protect mtb from lysozyme and osmotic lysis
calcified caseous region
shows up in xrays
MTB treatment and prevention
Daily dose of rifampin and isoniazid for two months, biweekly for 9 months
Negative pressure room for infectious indiv. Facemasks with HEPA filters
Diphtheria
Nasopharyngeal secretions, exotoxin produced that inhibits protein synthesis and is responsible for pathogenesis
observation of membrane in throat
air passage block
thick mucous and pus containing nasal discharge
fever cough
paralysis
damage to cardiac kidney and nervous
death
Diphtheria
Diphtheria treatment and prevention
Penicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, antitoxin
Active immunization with DPT
acellular dTap vaccine
Pertusis (whopping cough)
Highly contagious, drop inhalation
primarily affects children, URT
7-14 incubation
initially cold like sympt and inflamed mucous membranes
fever
malaise
cyanosis
coughing fits
Pertusis (whopping cough)
Pertusis treatment and prevention
erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol
Active immunization with DPT
Acellular dtap vaccine
Meningitis
Through droplets or throat secretions
brain or spinal cord meninges
2-10 incubation period
initial respiratory illness or sore throat
stiff neck and back
high fever
headaches confusion and sensitivity to light
Meningitis
Meningitis treatment and prevention
Immediate antibiotic therapy when symptoms appear, penicillin, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, ofloxacin
vaccination
Cholera
Ingested food or water contaminated by fecal matter from patients or carrier
shellfish are natural reservoirs
24-72hr incubation period
dehydration
rice water stools
10-20L diarrhea
Cholera
Cholera treatment and prevention
oral rehydration
antibiotic therapy
E. coli
most are nonpathogenic, some of the most common and widely distributed pathogens
develop within hours, up to 10 days
vomiting
fever
bloody diarrhea
e. coli
e. coli treatment and preventions
oral rehydration, improved sanitation
vaccines
antibiotic therapy (dangerous)
4 types of e. coli
enterotoxigenic
enteroinvasive
enteripathogenic
enterohemorrhagic
Bdellovibrio
soil and aquatic habitats
bdello means leech
penetrated cell wall of prey and replicated in cytoplasm (cannibalism)
predation is not obligatory
Streptococcus (GAS)
Can be transmitted through air (unusual)
host factors contribute to likelihood of disease
oxygenated tissue is a very rich growth medium, leads to disruption of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and release of hemoglobin
Superficial cutaneous diseases
rapidly progressive
necrotic tissue
precipitous drop of blood pressure, failure of multiple organs
high fever
Streptococcus
Gonorrhoea
Sexual contract, mother to child during birth
3-8 incubation period
dissemination to joints heart and throat (rare)
gonorrhoea
Gonorrhoea in women
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) results from infection of fallopian tubes and surrounding tissue
ectopic pregnancies
sterility
Gonorrhoea in men
Typically asymptomatic
painful urination
discharge
sterility
Syphilis
Sexually transmitted, or in utero, can enter lymph nodes and spreads through body
3-80 days later
primary single chancre at infection site contains spirochetes
formation of gummy’s in skin bone and nervous system
Syphilis
Chlamydia
Sexual contact, hand to eye, most common cause of newborn conjunctivitis
Symptoms in women: typically asymptomatic, cervix infection w vaginal discharge, can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease
males: painful urination and urethral discharge
Chlamydia
