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BI276 Final > Week 12 > Flashcards

Week 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogenic bacteria

A

Airborne
Food and water borne
direct contact (STIs)

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2
Q

Airborne diseases facts/traits

A

Most involve respiratory system
Higher concentration of bac inside vs outside
Sneeze 10k-100k

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3
Q

Mtb: how is it spread?

A

Person to person via droplets
Lungs, bacteria engulfed by macrophages and survive

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4
Q

4-12 week incubation
slow symptoms
fever
fatigue
weight loss
coughing
bloody sputum

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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5
Q

Mtb pathogenicity

A

Unique toxic cell envelope components kill eukaryotic cells and protect mtb from lysozyme and osmotic lysis
calcified caseous region
shows up in xrays

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6
Q

MTB treatment and prevention

A

Daily dose of rifampin and isoniazid for two months, biweekly for 9 months

Negative pressure room for infectious indiv. Facemasks with HEPA filters

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7
Q

Diphtheria

A

Nasopharyngeal secretions, exotoxin produced that inhibits protein synthesis and is responsible for pathogenesis

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8
Q

observation of membrane in throat
air passage block
thick mucous and pus containing nasal discharge
fever cough
paralysis
damage to cardiac kidney and nervous
death

A

Diphtheria

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9
Q

Diphtheria treatment and prevention

A

Penicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, antitoxin

Active immunization with DPT
acellular dTap vaccine

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10
Q

Pertusis (whopping cough)

A

Highly contagious, drop inhalation
primarily affects children, URT

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11
Q

7-14 incubation
initially cold like sympt and inflamed mucous membranes
fever
malaise
cyanosis
coughing fits

A

Pertusis (whopping cough)

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12
Q

Pertusis treatment and prevention

A

erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol

Active immunization with DPT
Acellular dtap vaccine

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13
Q

Meningitis

A

Through droplets or throat secretions
brain or spinal cord meninges

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14
Q

2-10 incubation period
initial respiratory illness or sore throat
stiff neck and back
high fever
headaches confusion and sensitivity to light

A

Meningitis

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15
Q

Meningitis treatment and prevention

A

Immediate antibiotic therapy when symptoms appear, penicillin, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, ofloxacin

vaccination

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16
Q

Cholera

A

Ingested food or water contaminated by fecal matter from patients or carrier
shellfish are natural reservoirs

17
Q

24-72hr incubation period
dehydration
rice water stools
10-20L diarrhea

A

Cholera

18
Q

Cholera treatment and prevention

A

oral rehydration
antibiotic therapy

19
Q

E. coli

A

most are nonpathogenic, some of the most common and widely distributed pathogens

20
Q

develop within hours, up to 10 days
vomiting
fever
bloody diarrhea

A

e. coli

21
Q

e. coli treatment and preventions

A

oral rehydration, improved sanitation
vaccines
antibiotic therapy (dangerous)

22
Q

4 types of e. coli

A

enterotoxigenic
enteroinvasive
enteripathogenic
enterohemorrhagic

23
Q

Bdellovibrio

A

soil and aquatic habitats
bdello means leech
penetrated cell wall of prey and replicated in cytoplasm (cannibalism)
predation is not obligatory

24
Q

Streptococcus (GAS)

A

Can be transmitted through air (unusual)
host factors contribute to likelihood of disease
oxygenated tissue is a very rich growth medium, leads to disruption of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and release of hemoglobin

25
Q

Superficial cutaneous diseases
rapidly progressive
necrotic tissue
precipitous drop of blood pressure, failure of multiple organs
high fever

A

Streptococcus

26
Q

Gonorrhoea

A

Sexual contract, mother to child during birth

27
Q

3-8 incubation period
dissemination to joints heart and throat (rare)

A

gonorrhoea

28
Q

Gonorrhoea in women

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) results from infection of fallopian tubes and surrounding tissue
ectopic pregnancies
sterility

29
Q

Gonorrhoea in men

A

Typically asymptomatic
painful urination
discharge
sterility

30
Q

Syphilis

A

Sexually transmitted, or in utero, can enter lymph nodes and spreads through body

31
Q

3-80 days later
primary single chancre at infection site contains spirochetes
formation of gummy’s in skin bone and nervous system

A

Syphilis

32
Q

Chlamydia

A

Sexual contact, hand to eye, most common cause of newborn conjunctivitis

33
Q

Symptoms in women: typically asymptomatic, cervix infection w vaginal discharge, can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease
males: painful urination and urethral discharge

A

Chlamydia

BI276 Final (6 decks)

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