week 12 Flashcards
Define the terms concept and theory
Theory: several concepts used to describe, explain or make predictions about a phenomenon
- A theory can be tested
Concept: idea that represents some aspect of personal or human experience
- Serves as building blocks of theory
- Nurses use concepts to understand and/or describe situations and circumstances
What practises do nurses engage in, in terms of theory?
- practice
- research
- education
- administration
What 4 theoretical assumptions did nightingale pose?
1) The nurse and client relationship is important
2) The environment has a direct effect on the client’s well-being
3) Environmental factors such as fresh air, pure water, cleanliness of the client and environment and light exposure all contribute to good health and recovery
4) A nurse can determine interventions necessary to modify the environment and influence positive client outcomes
Define the nursing metaparadigm and what makes up the metaparadigm
Describes a global framework or the way a professional discipline views the world
Concepts that make up the paradigm are:
- Person
- Health
- Environment
- Nursing
Describe selected nursing theories and the theorists’ views of the metaparadigm
1) Grand nursing theories (highly abstract): theories proposed by Florence nightingale and jean Watson
2) Midrange (narrower in scope): Nola Pender’s health promotion model
3) Nursing practise theories: developed to use within specific nursing care situations
What are some types of theories used in nursing practice?
- Strength based care
- Novice to Expert
- Humanistic nursing theory
Define humanistic nursing and its 6 characteristics
Describes nursing as “an experience lived between human beings” – moves beyond “doing” and “being”
1) Nursing as being with and doing with
2) Nursing as dialogue
3) Nursing as here-and-now
4) Nursing in situations
5) Nursing all-at-once
6) Nursing as complementary synthesis
Define Newman’s theory of health as expanding consciousness
Consciousness is defined to him as information
- Identifying patterns
- Shifting nursing practice from viewing pain and diseas as negative to pain and disease are information about the life pattern and an opportunity to growth
- Shift from seeing body as a machine in need of fixing to body as a dynamic field of energy
- Shift from seeing disease as an entity to seeing disease as a process
Define emancipatory and give example
Emancipatory knowing is the human capacity to be aware and reflect on the social, cultural and political status quo and to determine how and why it came to be that way
- Calls to reduce or eliminate inequality and justice
- Ex: Nurse tries to understand how overweight children are seen in practice, focusing on what factors contributed to it.
What are the 5 patterns of knowing and give an example
With Emancipatory in the middle connected to
1) Empiric: what is known is accessible through the physical senses especially seeing, touching, and hearing. Grounded in science
- Ex: reading policies of workplace before performing a certain skill
2) Personal: process of self-knowing.
- Ex: recognizing your own bias and understand you can’t inflict that on a patient
3) Aesthetic: appreciation of the meaning of a situation and calls forth inner resources that transform experience into what is not yet real thus manifesting something that would not otherwise be possible. Often spontaneous and in the moment
- Birth, death, sickness, recovery, suffering
- Ex: distracting a kid with humour in order to take caste off
4) Ethical: how nurses morally behave
- Ethical dilemma basically
Describe and understand the importance of praxis and it’s relation to emancipatory knowing
Praxis id defined as an integrated expression of emancipatory knowing. When all the patterns are integrated in a way that supports social justice
Praxis at the individual level occurs when people recognize conditions that unjustly limit their own or other’s abilities and experiences, reflect on these situations with a growing realization that things could be different and take action to change the circumstances of their own and other’s lives.
