Week 11 - Topic 2: Intoxication & Viral GI Infections Flashcards
What 4 bacteria can produce toxins in foods?
1) Clostridium perfringens
2) C botulinum
3) Staph aureus
4) Listeria monocytogenes
What 2 bacteria can produce spores in food?
1) Bacillus cereus
2) Clostridium botulinum
How can you get microbial intoxication?
- Raw meats, fish, eggs
- Food stored at room T° for long time
- Damage food cans
- Uncleaned blenders
- Improperly smoked seafood
- Contaminated raw produce
- Unpasteurized juices and milk
What is microbial intoxication?
When bacteria produce a toxin in the body after being ingested
Where do you find C botulinum?
In soil Raw produce (potatoes, root vegetables, salads)
How do you prevent microbial intoxication (4)?
- Proper storage (fridge)
- Washing/rinsing
- Heat food at 85°C for 5 min to inactivate toxin
- Add citric/phosphoric acid in prepared, chilled foods before packaged
What common viruses (2) cause GI infections in 1 year olds?
Enteric Adenovirus
Astrovirus
Why don’t we test for enteric adenovirus and astrovirus?
They are already very common and there is no tx for them anyway
What common viruses (3) cause GI infections in both kids and adults?
Calcivirus/norovirus
Rotavirus
Hep A
What do viral pathogens look like on electron micrographs?
Wheels
What are signs of dehydration in babies and kids?
- Dry mouth
- Lack of tears when crying
- No wet diaper for 3h+
- High fever
- Cranky and drowsy
- Sunken eyes, cheeks, fontanelles
- Low skin turgor when pinching it
What are signs of dehydration in adults?
- Dry mouth and throat
- Decrease in urine
- Feeling dizzy
- Fatigue and weakness
What are two types of ectoparasites that infect the GI?
1) Protozoans of GI: Toxoplasma gondii Cyclospora Giardia lamblia/duodenalis Cryptosporidium
2) Helminths:
Pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis)
Tapeworms (Taenia)
Roundworms
How does toxoplasma go from cats to humans?
Cat poops
Poop has parasite eggs
Eggs infect environment chickens, goats, pigs, litter box, garden
Cysts enter the animal meat eaten by humans if not cooked well
True or False: Humans infected with toxoplasma cannot donate organs.
True, the parasite may have penetrated their organs
Drinking what kind of raw milk can cause toxoplasma infection?
Raw goat milk
What parasite can pass from pregnant mom to the fetus?
Toxoplasma gondii
Where do you find cyclospora?
Fresh produce (basil, raspberries, snow peas)
What organ does cyclospora infect?
Small intestine of humans/animals
What causes giardiasis?
Giardia lamblia/duodenalis
What are the 2 forms of Giardia?
1) Trophozite –> motile feeding and attach to small intestine
2) Dorman cyst –> resistant to Cl-. heat and acid and attaches to colon
How many cysts do you need to be infected with Giardia?
10 cysts (very low) Shed 108-109 cysts in stool
How is Giardia transmitted?
Fecal oral route
What is Cryptosporidium extremely tolerant to?
Chlorine, hence why is survives in pools
