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NUR 311: IPC > Week 11 - Topic 2: Intoxication & Viral GI Infections > Flashcards

Week 11 - Topic 2: Intoxication & Viral GI Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 bacteria can produce toxins in foods?

A

1) Clostridium perfringens
2) C botulinum
3) Staph aureus
4) Listeria monocytogenes

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2
Q

What 2 bacteria can produce spores in food?

A

1) Bacillus cereus

2) Clostridium botulinum

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3
Q

How can you get microbial intoxication?

A
  • Raw meats, fish, eggs
  • Food stored at room T° for long time
  • Damage food cans
  • Uncleaned blenders
  • Improperly smoked seafood
  • Contaminated raw produce
  • Unpasteurized juices and milk
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4
Q

What is microbial intoxication?

A

When bacteria produce a toxin in the body after being ingested

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5
Q

Where do you find C botulinum?

A 
In soil
Raw produce (potatoes, root vegetables, salads)
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6
Q

How do you prevent microbial intoxication (4)?

A
  • Proper storage (fridge)
  • Washing/rinsing
  • Heat food at 85°C for 5 min to inactivate toxin
  • Add citric/phosphoric acid in prepared, chilled foods before packaged
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7
Q

What common viruses (2) cause GI infections in 1 year olds?

A

Enteric Adenovirus

Astrovirus

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8
Q

Why don’t we test for enteric adenovirus and astrovirus?

A

They are already very common and there is no tx for them anyway

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9
Q

What common viruses (3) cause GI infections in both kids and adults?

A

Calcivirus/norovirus
Rotavirus
Hep A

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10
Q

What do viral pathogens look like on electron micrographs?

A

Wheels

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11
Q

What are signs of dehydration in babies and kids?

A
  • Dry mouth
  • Lack of tears when crying
  • No wet diaper for 3h+
  • High fever
  • Cranky and drowsy
  • Sunken eyes, cheeks, fontanelles
  • Low skin turgor when pinching it
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12
Q

What are signs of dehydration in adults?

A
  • Dry mouth and throat
  • Decrease in urine
  • Feeling dizzy
  • Fatigue and weakness
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13
Q

What are two types of ectoparasites that infect the GI?

A 
1) Protozoans of GI:
Toxoplasma gondii
Cyclospora
Giardia lamblia/duodenalis
Cryptosporidium

2) Helminths:
Pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis)
Tapeworms (Taenia)
Roundworms

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14
Q

How does toxoplasma go from cats to humans?

A

Cat poops
Poop has parasite eggs
Eggs infect environment chickens, goats, pigs, litter box, garden
Cysts enter the animal meat eaten by humans if not cooked well

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15
Q

True or False: Humans infected with toxoplasma cannot donate organs.

A

True, the parasite may have penetrated their organs

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16
Q

Drinking what kind of raw milk can cause toxoplasma infection?

A

Raw goat milk

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17
Q

What parasite can pass from pregnant mom to the fetus?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

18
Q

Where do you find cyclospora?

A

Fresh produce (basil, raspberries, snow peas)

19
Q

What organ does cyclospora infect?

A

Small intestine of humans/animals

20
Q

What causes giardiasis?

A

Giardia lamblia/duodenalis

21
Q

What are the 2 forms of Giardia?

A

1) Trophozite –> motile feeding and attach to small intestine
2) Dorman cyst –> resistant to Cl-. heat and acid and attaches to colon

22
Q

How many cysts do you need to be infected with Giardia?

A 
10 cysts (very low)
Shed 108-109 cysts in stool
23
Q

How is Giardia transmitted?

A

Fecal oral route

24
Q

What is Cryptosporidium extremely tolerant to?

A

Chlorine, hence why is survives in pools

25
Q

What is the infectious dose of Cryptosporidium?

A

less than 10 oocytes

Shed 10^7-8 oocytes in a poop

26
Q

True or False: You will shed Cryptosporidium oocytes for 30 days after you stop having GI sx.

A

False, 60 days

27
Q

What is the symptom of pinworms?

A

Intense perinanal itching (esp in children)

28
Q

Where are pinworm eggs found?

A

Around the anus

29
Q

How do you diagnose pinworms?

A

Put a scotch at the anal area and look on the microscope to see pinworms or eggs

30
Q

Why does malabsorption occur with Taeniasis?

A

It lacks its own digestive system, so it feeds off of human food in the intestine

31
Q

Where do you find tapeworms?

A 
Beef = Taenia saginata
Pork = Taenia solium
32
Q

How are tapeworms transmitted to humans?

A

Eggs filled feces are eaten by pigs, eggs hatch into larvae and develop as cysts into meat, human eats undercooked meat and cysts attach to intestinal mucosa

33
Q

What are complications of tapeworms?

A
  • Life-threatening wasting and malabsorption

- Extra-intestinal infections

34
Q

How are ringworms transmitted to humans?

A

They penetrate the skin, get into the bloodstream, to the lungs and up the trachea where they are swallowed to reach the guts

35
Q

What bacteria have low infectious doses?

A

Shigella (<10)

36
Q

What bacteria have large infectious doses?

A

Salmonella and E coli (> 10^5)

37
Q

How do you treat GI infectious?

A 
Oral rehydration (electrolyte-glucose solutions) 
Abx (prevent tissue damage)
38
Q

Why is it not recommended to take antidiarrheal drugs when you have GI infections?

A

You prevent your body from excreting the organism/toxin/poison through diarrhea

39
Q

What is one way a nurse can prevent spreading her GI infection?

A

Staying home until symptoms subside

40
Q

If a patient is vomiting, why do you want to put a mask for this particular virus?

A

You put a mask for norovirus so that you don’t inhale the droplets from the vomit

NUR 311: IPC (17 decks)

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