week 11 problem solving and decision making

Question 1

adversary problems

Answer 1

two or more people pitting their wits against each other.

Question 2

non adversary problems

Answer 2

another person is involved as the problem setter

Question 3

the gestalt approach

Answer 3

saw problem solving as involving perceptual restructuring of the problem, resulting in insight.

Question 4

mental set

Answer 4

produces reproductive thinking when in fact a problem calls for productive thinking

Question 5

productive thinking

Answer 5

problems are solved by the principle of reorganisation or solving a problem by perceiving new relationships among its elements.

Question 6

eval of gestalt approach

Answer 6

• theory doesn’t apply to all aspects of problem solving
• concept of ‘insight’ and ‘restructuring’ are ill-defined as theoretical constructs.

Question 7

information - processing approach

Answer 7

-analyse cognitive processes in terms of a series of separate stages. The stages are representing the problem, generating possible solutions, evaluating those solutions.

Question 8

algorithms

Answer 8

-systematic exploration of every possible solution until correct solution found. when there are huge number of solutions, algorithms are time consuming

Question 9

heuristics

Answer 9

guidelines that are most likely to lead a solver towards a goal but without guarantee of doing so. can result in quick solutions sometimes.

Question 10

decision making steps

Answer 10

define problem, list alternatives, identify criteria, weigh alternatives, make and justify decision, reflect on decision making process.