Week 11 - Paramyxoviridae and Bornavirdae Flashcards
1- Order: Mononegavirales
Mono= _____
Nega= _____ genome
Virales=virus
2. Family: Bornviridae, Rhabdovirdae, etc.
Single, RNA
Rabies virus falls under what order?
Mononegavirales
Para = big family, many viruses affecting many species.
Filo = ebola
rhabdo = rabies important
phylgenetic tree; pneumoviridae
phylogenetic tree
Went through bottom row of species viruses
What viruses fall under the genus Morbillivirus?
What viruses fall under the genus Avulavirus?
Measles, Canine distemper, rinderpest
Newcastle disease virus,
Avian paramyxovirus types 2-10
- Viruses apart of the family Paramyxoviridae replicate in which part of the cell?
- Viruses apart of the family Bornaviridae replicate in which part of the cell?
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
Morphology and structure –Paramyxoviruses
-_____________ covered with _____ spikes
Genome: single molecule of (____) sense ____-RNA (13-
19 Kb) in size
***__-__ ORFs encode 10-12 proteins (NP, P, M, F,
L, HN or H and G)
** ________ replication and _______ from plasma membrane
-_________ ribonucleoprotein
-_________18 nm in diameter
-RNA is a _______ molecule
-**_________ formation, __________ and ______________ inclusion bodies
Envelope, large, -Ve, SS, 7-8, Cytoplasmic, budding, Helical, Nucleocapsid, single, Syncytium, intracytoplasmic, intra-
nuclear
- What virus is pictured here?
- Label the image accordingly
- Paramyxovirus
- See image
What virus is pictured below?
Paramyxovirus
- What virus is pictured below?
- Label the image accordingly
See image
- What virus is pictured below?
- Label the image accordingly
- Paramyxovirus
- See image
- What virus is pictured below?
- Label accordingly
- Paramyxovirus
- See image for labels
Transcription and replication moves in what direction?
- 3’ to 5’
After transcription and translation, what happens to the Paramyxovirus?
Buds from plasma membrane and is released into the EC space.
Biological Properties of Paramyxoviridae
1. Cell fusion: cause cell _________, long recognized as _____ cell formation.
2. __________ infection: most paramyxoviruses can produce a __________ ________ infection of cultured cells.
**3. Antigenic properties: _____________, _________ ________, & _____________ viruses have related antigens. Examples of heterologous vaccines.
**Another antigenically related group includes mumps, parainfluenza, & NDV
fusion, giant, Persistent, persistent noncytocidal, Measles, canine distemper, Rinderpest
Newcastle Disease virus-NDV
* 1926: _____, Indonesia
– Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England
* Probable earlier outbreaks in Central Europe
* 1896: Western Scotland, cause of death of all chickens?
* 4 panzootics from 1926 to 1981
* Drop in ____ production
* ______ within 24-48 hours
* Deaths continue for 7-10 days
* _______ of head, especially around _____
** _______-dark ______ diarrhea
* ______ and _______ signs
* Signs vary with ______ and ______
Java, egg, Deaths, Edema, eyes, Greenish, watery, Respiratory, neurological, species, virulence
Newcastle Disease virus-NDV
** NDV: _____ serotype, __ pathotypes in USA
** NDV: infects ______, _______, and a large number of _____ and ____ birds, ____ birds may act as carriers
*** NDV economic impacts:
-High ________
- _______in body weight gain
-Decrease in ____ production
* **NDV-virulent strains are reportable and may result on _______ restrictions
* **NDV tropism may include
- _________ tract
- ____tract
- _______system
* NDV can be classified into three strains based on the pathogenicity
Multitropism or ? tropism
single, 3, chickens, turkeys, domestic, wild, sea, mortality, Decrease, egg, trade, Respiratory, GIT, Nervous
if there is a polyphasic AA at cleavage sight of ? gene = virulent
if neutral or ? = mild severity
Sequencing takes a few hours
Gene cleaved and becomes active
NDV classified according to their pathogenicity
NDV virulence/tropism and clinical based on clinical signs
**1. Doyle’s form: _____ _____ infection of all ages, ________ of digestive tract (VVNDV) very virulent newcastle disease virus
**2. Beache’s form: _____ often _____ infection of all ages. _______ and ________ signs
**3. Beaudett’s form:
Mesogenic NDV: ____ pathogenic form of NDV
Death in _______ birds due to ______ pathotype used as secondary vaccine
**4. Hitchner form: Lentogenic NDV
Mild _________ in apparent caused by __________ pathotype and used as live vaccine
**5. Asymptomatic enteric NDV
Enteric form is chiefly ____ infection with _______ virus
acute, lethal, hemorrhages, acute, lethal, Respiratory, neurological, less, young, mesogenic, respiratory, lentogenic, gut, lentogenic
***Classical Methods of the assessment of NDV virulence
1. The mean _____ time in chicken egg _____ (MDT)
2. ____________ Pathogenicity index (ICPI) in ____-old chick
3. ____________ Pathogenicity index (IVPI) in ___ week old chickens
4. ____________ Pathogenicity test in ___-___ week old chickens
death, embryo, Intracerebral, day, Intravenous, 6, Intracloacal, 6-8
- What virus is the bird in the image infected with ?
- if _______ or ______, need to raise a flag.
- if very virulent strain –> _____ birds
- Newcastle disease virus
- severe, moderate
- cull
Factors affecting severity f NDV infection
* Virulence of the virus: ______ virus more pathogenic
* ______ and ____ (some strains requires high doses of virus
to infect the host). ______ ages are much more seriously
affected
* ________ health conditions of the birds: presence of other ______ conditions (malnutrition, parasitism, and dampness lead to sever long term course of the disease
* _________ status of birds: presence of specific antibodies
prevent the introduction of NDV infection
virulent, Doses, age, Young, General, stress, Immune
geese are resistant and can not be infected easily.
can carry it over long distances and transmit it to turkeys, birds, and other domestic animals.
highly pathogenic
Hn = invading pathogen
image not being tested on
many genotypes; all new castle disease viruses but differ in genotypes
Epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical
pictures of NDV infections in chickens
*** Initial replication occurs in the _______ of the _____ respiratory tract
* Primary viremia then disseminates the virus throughout the body
and parenchymal organs
* Secondary viremia and leads to the infection of the _____
* Morbidity: up to _____% Mortality: ____%
* Varies greatly depending on
– Virulence and strain
– Avian species and susceptibility of host
– Environmental conditions
– Vaccination history
* Some species show few or no signs
– Carrier state may exist
**- _______ and ______ in the ornamental outgrowth ( ______ & ______ (reason for cyanosis in wattles? _______ )
mucosa, upper, CNS, 100, 90, Cyanosis, edema, combs, wattles, Hypoxia
NDV
Mucos coming from nostrils, oral cavity
clear, green, etc.
wattles
***NDV-PM Lesions
__________ internal lesions
– Tracheal mucosa
– Proventriculus
– Intestinal mucosa
* Edema of the ___ and ____
* Edema, hemorrhage, necrosis or ulceration of ______ tissue
* Lesions vary with species and virulence
Hemorrhagic, head, neck, lymphoid
NDV
NDV
pinpoint hemorrhage between gizzard (three compartments in gizzard)
**
Clinical and pathological features of the
Velogenic Viscerotropic NDV
_____________ ______ in the brain of a chicken suffering from NDV.
Perivascular cuffing
Exotic NDV
* Exotic NDV not reported in ____ however, it is a reportable disease
* Viserotropic velogenic strain (VVNDV)
* Possible introduction by _________, ________ and ______-fowl population
outbreak
-2002-2003 Exotic NDV outbreak (CA, NV, AZ, tX)
-Game-fowl in Mexixo and CA
-3 million birds were euthanized
* VVNDV: shows hemorrhagic, ulcerative and necrotizing lesions in the _____ _________ and _________ tissues.
US, smuggling, backyard, game, GIT, epithelial, lymphoid
NDV
Diagnosis of NDV
Samples from live birds:
Swabs (__________, _______ swabs, ______ swabs) and sera
Samples from dead birds: tissues (?)
Clinical signs and symptoms.
2. Lab tests include;
Serological tests: ?
Pathogenicity assessment: ______ test in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures.
Mean _____ time.
____________ pathogenicity index.
____________ pathogenicity index.
* Detection of viral NA by ?
Tracheal, Cloacal, Faecal, Lung, kidneys, intestine, spleen,
brain, liver, and heart tissues
Haemagglutination inhibition test, Enzyme Linked
Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA), PCR & Sequence technology.
Plaque, death, Intracerebral, Intravenous, RT-PCR
Cultivation and isolation of NDV
NDV is inoculated into 10-12 days hen embryonated eggs via ____ or ______ sac
It produces __________ lesions and_________ & embryo dies within ___-___
hours.
NDV grows well in ________ _________ fibroblast cell culture.
Maximum titer is obtained after ___-__ hours.
Titer of the virus in tissue culture is ____ log lower than that in embryonated egg.
CAM, allantoic, haemorrhagic, encephalitis, 34-72, chicken embryo, 24-36, one
Prevention and control of NDV
Vaccines are administrated at __ to __ weeks of age or at ____ day
of age via conjunctival instillation
_________-induced immunity is short-lived (8–10) weeks.
_____ vaccine.
__________ vaccine.
___________ (a proprietary virus antibody complex vaccine)
Good ___________: avoid contact with any ________ birds of
unknown health status
Strain variation in virulence
Chickens vaccinated at 2 Wks of age by eye _____, or drinking ______ administration, or _____ with lentogenic strains (La
Sota, live attenuated)
During outbreaks, _________ strain administered IM
Boosted at 3-4 wks via drinking water/spray vaccination
2, 4, 1, Vaccine, Live, Inactivated, Newplex, biosecurity, feral, drops, water, spray, Mesogenic
Control of NDV
– There is _____ ________ treatment for Newcastle Disease
Prevention:
________ & ______ of all newly purchased birds for at least __ days.
Transportation of birds in ____ or ______ containers.
Restrict personnel movement between ____ and ____ birds.
_________ of all surfaces and equipment.
_________ of any destroyed birds and contaminated products.
Removal of ______ and _____ (vectors).
Control handling of bird ________, _____ and ______.
no known, Quarantine, isolation, 30, new, disinfected, new, old, Disinfection, Disposal, insects, mice, carcasses, litter, manure
NDV infection in Humans
*** _____ infections
– ___________, excessive _______, ______ of lids, _________, subconjunctival __________
– Usually transient, _____ not affected
– Lab workers and vaccination crews most susceptible
– No _______-to- ________ spread
Eye, Reddening, tearing, edema, conjunctivitis, hemorrhage, cornea, human, human
NDV - eye infections
What genuses fall under the family Avian Paramyxoviruses?
know genuses
Cells clumping –> cytopathic effect
Morbillivirus
Rinderpest (________ plaque)-RPV; affects ______ ruminants; eradicated in ____ but still present in other countries.
*** RP: an _____, _______ contagious, _____ disease of _____, domesticated ______ and most _____-footed wild animals
* Classical (acute) form of RP : the most lethal diseases of cattle, and can
have a catastrophic effect on naïve herds
* Transmission: _____ contact
– _____/______ secretions
– ______, _____, _______, and ____
* Contaminated ____ or ___
* Close Indirect contact with infected animals (____)
* Most infectious period: 1-2 days before clinical signs and 8-9 days
after onset of clinical signs
* No chronic carrier state
* Wildlife not a reservoir
** Eradicated from _____ and still exist in some part of ___, ____ and
_______ _____.
** Mortality may reach ____%
Cattle, large, US, acute, highly, viral, cattle, buffalo, cloven, Direct, Nasal, ocular, Feces, urine, saliva, blood, food, water, fomites, Europe, Asia, Africa, Middle east, 100
Rinderpest
RP Clinical Signs
Incubation period (3-15 days, usually 4-5 days)
* Four forms of disease (Classic, Per-acute, Subacute, Atypical)
** Classic form (_______ form)
– ______, ___________, _____
– ___________ followed by hemorrhagic diarrhea
– _____ to _______ nasal/ocular discharge
– Necrosis and erosion of the ____ mucosa (lips, tongue, gums,
buccal mucosa, soft and hard palates).
– ________ lymph nodes
-Death in ____-___ days
* Isolation of the virus in a proper cell line
* Confirmation of the virus by _____/____ detection
-AGPT -ELISA -IP -IF - RT-PCR
* RP destroyed phenol, cresol, sodium hydroxide (2% for 24 hours)
and lipid solvents
** Outbreaks controlled with _________ and ________ controls.
* Vaccination: most commonly used vaccine (Cell-culture-adapted
vaccine)
* RP: eradicated from most of the regions around the world
acute, Fever, depression, anorexia, Constipation, Serous, mucopurulent, oral, Enlarged, 6-12, antigen, NA quarantines, movement
RP
Zebra Stripes
most important pathology
When important intestines you can see this very clearly
***Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPRV) Goat Plague disastrous disease of _______ ruminants”
* An acute or subacute viral disease of ____ & _____
** Clinical signs?
* Antigenically very similar to the ____
* PPR occurs in most African countries, Middle East and
India
** Morbidity ___-___% : Mortality ___-__%, can be up to ____%
* Transmission of PPR requires close contact
* The virus present in ocular, nasal, and oral secretions as
well as feces.
** Most infections occur through __________ of aerosols from _________ and _________ animals
** It does not infect __________
small, goats, sheep, Fever, erosive stomatitis, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and pneumonia, RPV, 80-90, 50-80, 100, inhalation, sneezing, coughing, humans
PPRV Clinical signs
PPR-Prevention and control
** PPR virus destroyed by most _________ disinfectants
(Phenols, sodium hydroxide 2%, ether and Detergents).
** Affected area should be ________.
* Infected animals __________.
* __________ burned or buried.
* Import restrictions
* Tissue culture RP vaccine protects goats for at least 12 months
against PPR.
* Vaccine currently used in many African countries for
vaccination against PPR.
common, quarantined, slaughtered, Carcasses
Morbillivirus-Canine distemper-CDV
** CDV seriously ________, ____ threatening disease of dogs
** CDV attacks the ____________, ________________ , ___________
systems
* CDV: infects wild carnivores such as ___ and _____
** Main route of infection: _______ droplet secretions from
infected animals ( _________ )
**** Some infected dogs may shed virus for several ___________
* _______ fever, peaks 3 to 6 days after infection.
* Dogs experience eye and nose discharge,
* Depression, and loss of appetite (anorexia).
* Many dogs experience gastrointestinal and respiratory
symptoms, such as:
**____________ (discharge from the eye)
- __________
** ________ (usually present but ________)
- ______________ (cough, difficult ___________)
**__________ (runny nose)
-Vomiting
contagious, life, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous, foxes, wolves aerosol, inhalation, months, Biphasic, Conjunctivitis, Diarrhoea, Fever, unnoticed, Pneumonia, breathing, Rhinitis
CDV
Clinical features of the CDV
* Two late forms of CDV infection in dogs
* _________ diseases (neurotropic)
* Acute _________: seizures and death
* Late ___________ __________ (rare) death
* __________ of foot-pad and nose
* Loss of tooth _____
*** ________ dermatitis
Neurologic, encephalomyelitis, demyelinating, encephalomyelitis, Hyperkeratosis, enamel, Pustular
CDV
Some dogs present
hyperkeratosis of the
nose and foot-pads,
called as “hardpad
CDV
***Pathogenesis of CDV
1- CDV infection via _______ and colonized in ______ tissues
2-Primary CDV replication in the _______ tissues as in _____
3- CDV infects ____________ in lymphatic ducts
4- CDV enters the CNS via ________ circulation
5- CDV enters the CNS via _______ _____ and eventually the ___
6- Infection via ________ nerve by pyriform lobes of
the brain
aerosols, lymphoid, lymphoid, tonsils, macrophages, cerebral, choroid plexus, CSF, olfactory
Pathogenesis of CDV
walked through this
ran through this
Diagnosis of CDV
** Clinical specimens:
**-Live animals: _____ or _______ swabs, sera
***-Dead animals: lung, Lns, intestine, UB, kidenys, thymus, and spleen
* Detection of CDV antigen by ____ test (Standard Network Access Protocol)
* Virus isolation
* Seroconversion using paired serum samples: ELISA
* Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
tonsil, conjunctival, SNAP
***Diagnosis of CDV cont…
* Based on __________ _____
* Confirmed by histologic lesions (heavily __________ IBs in stained blood neutrophils or in smears from the _____ also aid in diagnosis) or
immunofluorescent assay for viral antigen in tissues.
* ELISA, PCR
clinical signs, pigmented, eye
affects neurons?
CDV-Control
* The best prevention against canine distemper is _________.
* Canine tissue culture-adapted vaccines
** _______ _____adapted-vaccines
*Live attenuated vaccines
**Vaccination at __ wks, ___-___ wks, ___X/year
**Immune _____ may be used prophylactically
**Antibiotics to treat _______ infections
vaccination, Chick embryo , 8, 12-16, 1, IgG, secondary
Bovine Parainfluenza Type-3 virus (PI-3) aka ________ ____
* Genus: ______
** Distribution: various parts of the _____, ____ (50% seroprevalence)
** Transmission: _____
** Target cells: epithelial cells of the ___________ tract (alveolar cells)
** Signs: ?
** PI- ___ virus can be isolated from cattle with no apparent signs of disease
Shipping fever, Respirovirus, world, USA, aerosols, respiratory
high fever, conjunctivitis, respiratory distress, mucopurulent rhinitis,
pneumonia
-3
Enzootic pneumonia: have cough
Went through this thoroughly
do not knkw
ran thorugh
Canine Parainfluenza virus Type-2 (PI-2)
**major cause of _________ ______
* Infectious ____________
** Sudden onset of ______ fever, nasal _______, _____ non- _________ cough
** Localized infection in the _____ respiratory tract
* Infection with __________ _______ (80%), _______ ____ (10%)
** Vaccination: ?
Kennel cough, tracheobronchits, mild, discharge, harsh, productive, upper, Bordetella bronchiseptica, canine paraflu, CADV-2 and CPIV
Porcine rubulavirus (PoRV) is also known as _____ ____ disease
** It is only known to occur in ____
* Characterized in _____ or _____ pigs by central nervous
system (CNS) signs
** PoRV is found in ______ secretions, _____, and _____
** The major route of transmission is ________ ______ (?)
* PoRV binds sialic acid-expressing cells and replicates in the
nasal mucosa and tonsil
* Spreads to the brain via cranial nerves proximal to the oral
cavity, and to other organs via the blood
** _____________ with __________ of the eyelids.
*** Corneal _______ (____ eye) in ____ or _____ eyes
* encephalomyelitis in both young and growing pigs
* **The hemagglutinating virus can usually be isolated from the ____ or ______ in PK-15 cells
Blue eye, swine, nursing, growing, nasal, urine, semen, direct contact, nose-to-nose, Conjunctivitis, adherence, opacity, blue, one, both, brain, tonsil
Blue eye disease
Sendai Virus - Murine Parainfluenza virus-1
** First observed when human ______ material was inoculated in
______ _____
* SeV naturally affects ?
* Limited disease in pigs has been attributed to SeV
* Highly contagious in rodents
* Signs - a ________ hair coat, _____ of eyes, _______,
mortality in adult, weight loss, and fetal resorption in pregnant.
* Immunocompetent animals that survive infection have no
persistent virus
* Antibodies persist throughout life
lung, lab mice, mice, rats, and hamsters, roughened, crusting, dyspnea
*****Atlantic salmon Paramyxovirus
* Seen in _________ - significant losses to the _______ industry
* _________ gill _______
* _______ of the gills with inflammation and proliferation of gill ______
Norway, aquaculture, Proliferative, inflammation, Pallor, epithelia
Atlantic salmon Paramyxovirus
Look at the eyes and the gills
Pneumoviridae
Pneumovirus - Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)
* It causes an ________ ________ in calves
* Clinical sing: coughing, fever, anorexia, nasal discharge and respiratory distress.
* The pneumonia is characterized by _______, and ______ with multinucleated _____.
* The infected animals serve as reservoir of the disease and the virus is shed in the ______ _____ of the infected animals.
* Control by _______
-Administration of vaccines after MAB declines
acute pneumonia, bronchitis, alveolitis, syncytia, nasal secretions, vaccination
BRSV
Will not ask clinical signs, but show us patterns that are abnormal
Diagnosis of BRSV
* Virus ________
* Detection of ____
*____ -PCR
* Seroconversion (VNT), ELISA
* Histopathology: _______ and _____ formation
Lung: multinucleated syncytial cell prominent in the __________
isolation, BRSV, RT, bronchiolitis, syncytia, bronchioles
***BRSV positive cells in tracheal wash IFA
Lung: multinucleated syncytial cell
prominent in the bronchioles
all of immunity
vaccine
MLV, maternally, paternally, immunity
The Avian Metapneumovirus (AMPV)
* AMPV: Turkey Rhinotracheitis (TRT) or avian pnemovirus infection
of turkey
* ** ________ ______ syndrome (or avian rhinotracheitis) in _____ and ______ breeders
* Significant drop in ____ production in chickens and ducks
* Isolates of AMPV are currently grouped in subtypes A to D
* European subtypes A, B, and D are all more closely related to each other
than to subtype C
* Turkeys, chickens, and also ducks were shown to develop clinical signs
with different subtypes of avian metapneumovirus
* Typical respiratory signs of avian metapneumovirus in young turkeys
include:
-serous ocular and nasal discharge
-frothy eyes -conjunctivitis
* Virus detection and serology is necessary to diagnose avian
metapneumovirus infection
** Virus isolated after the inoculation of __-__ day-old embryonated
chicken or turkey eggs via the yolk sac route
***_____-PCR, tests targeting the ___, ___, or ___ gene of AMPV have been
developed
* Commercial ______ kits are available and are commonly used
Swollen head, broilers, broiler, egg, 6- to 8-, RT, F, N, or G, ELISA
Hendra Virus
* Formerly called : ?
** High mortality in _______ and _______
** Reservoir/natural host: _____ ____
* Zoonotic: BSL-___ lab
** Does not infect ?
Equine morbillivirus, horses, humans, fruit bats, 4, dogs, rats, mice or chicken
Nipah virus (NiV)
** Nipah virus: genus;__________; family _______
** First report in 1999 in ______; respiratory and neurological diseases in ___ and ____
*** ______ virus
** Reservoir: ______ ____
** Foreign animal disease (BSL__) agent
* Human infection ranging from mild asymptomatic to fatal ______
* Case fatality rate: 40-75%
* Diagnosis:
-RT-PCR from body fluids
-ELISA to detect Abs
-Virus isolation
Henipavirus, Paramyxoviridae, Malaysia, pigs, man, Zoonotic, flying fox, 4, encephalitis
Morbillivirus in marine mammals
** _____ types of morbilliviruses in marine mammals in US
CDV
**1. Phocine distemper virus (PDV) in ?
**2. _____ morbillivirus (DMV),
**3. ______ ____ morbillivirus (PWMV)
***4. _________ ______ ______ morbillivirus (LBWMV)
* Collectively referred to as _____ morbillivirus (CMV) in porpoise, dolphin and whales
Five, seals, sea otter, Dolphin, Pilot whale, Longman’s beaked whale , acetacen
Phocine: true (earless) seals
***Measles virus belongs to morbillavirus
* Highly __________ viral illness
* First described in 7th century
* Near universal infection of _________ in pre-vaccination era
* Common and often fatal in ___________ areas
contagious, childhood, developing
Measles virus
General properties of Borna Diseases virus
* Borna is a village in Germany
* Virion: 90 nm in diameter, spherical, enveloped with an inner core
* Borna disease - devastating epidemics of a naturally occurring,
infectious, usually _____, __________ disease of ______
* Genome:
* _____ stranded (____) sense, _____
*Size: 8.9 Kb in size
*Encodes 6 ORFs (?)
*Replication in the ______
* Infection of cell culture: ________ and _______ infection
fatal, neurological, horses, single, -VE, RNA, N, P, X, M, Glp, RdRp, nucleus, noncytolytic, persistent
- What virus is pictured below?
- Borna virus
- Where do boranviruses replicate?
- in the nucleus
- Transcription starts at what sites?
- Where does transcription end?
- S1 to S3
- T1 to T4
Borna Disease
* Infectious _________ syndrome of ____-blooded animals
caused by Borna disease viruses __and ___(BoDV-1/2).
* Mortality is high in ______ that develop neurological
manifestations
** Virus replicates in both ____ and _____ cells, and ______
infection is characteristic of Borna disease virus infection
** Antibodies produced in response to Borna disease virus infection
are _____-_________, and do not contribute to disease pathogenesis.
* does not elicit a protective immune response; rather, infection
stimulates a ___-cell mediated immunopathologic reaction (a
delayed-type hypersensitivity response) that contributes to disease
progression
*** Principally affects x _____ matter (polioencephalomyelitis)
* Extensive _________ _______ with lymphocytes, macrophages,
and plasma cells
- Neuronal necrosis is not a feature - distinct ___________ _______ inclusions in neurons, called “_______ ________” bodies - pathognomonic
neurological, warm, 1, 2, horses, neurons, glial, persistent, non-neutralizing, T, T, perivascular cuffing, eosinophilic intranuclear, Joest-Degen
Borna disease
- ABV: causative agent of _______________ __________ Disease in birds
- Produce a non- __________ __________ in the gastro-intestinal tract and central nervous system.
Proventricular Dilatation, suppurative, ganglioneuritis
PDS
First recognized in the early 1970’s, proventricular
dilatation disease (PDD) was originally called
“__________ ________ Disease”
* Diagnosis starts with a thorough exam
*____________ of a ______-like fluid is one of the classic signs of PDS
* Originally called “wasting disease” because these birds
would _____ weight, and we could palpate the prominent _____ bone from the breast
Macaw Wasting, Regurgitation, mucous, lose, keel
PDS
Avian Bornavirus
*_________ and __________ _______ involvement
* Major killer of the ______ in aviculture since 1970
* ABV identified as agent in 2008
* ABV transmission through what routes?
Neurological, digestive tract, parrots
(fecal oral route, airborne, and vertical) transmission
Avian borna
Nervous, GIT signs
Clinical and pathological features of avian
Bornavirus
* Severe enlargement of the proventriculus of a Parrot
* Samples from the brain, proventricular tissue or crop
***_______ or ________ contour feathers of birds produce the most
reliable samples
* ABV rELISA will test for immunological exposure to ABV
specific antigens
* ABV rtPCR will detect the presence of ABV specific RNA
* (A): Perivascular mononuclear infiltrate in the brain
* (B): Perivascular mononuclear infiltrate in the proventriculus
* (C ): Mononuclear infiltrate in and around the ganglia
Chest, breast
***ABV: can infect nerve cells and
is classified with other diseases
such as Poliovirus, Herpes virus
and Rabies
ABV: can infect nerve cells and
is classified with other diseases
such as Poliovirus, Herpes virus
and Rabies
Avian bornavirus
**Clinical and pathological features of avian Bornavirus
Distention and dilatation of the proventriculus
Diagnosis of avian Bornavirus (ABV)
(A) IHC: detection of ABV-(P) protein of Psittacine birds in the Brain
* (B) IHC: detection of ABV-(P) protein of Psittacine birds in the SI
* (C) IHC: detection of ABV-(P) protein of Psittacine birds in the gizzard
Staggering disease in cats
BDV in cats
** Isolated from the _____ nervous system (CNS) of cats with a ______ non-suppurative encephalomyelitis
* Ataxia, behavioral changes, and loss of postural reactions
**** Virus grew only in __________ ___ brain cells
** BDV-specific antigen was demonstrated in feline ____
samples both by immunohistochemistry and ELISA
central, spontaneous, embryonic mink, CNS
BDV
