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Virology > Circoviridae and Papillomavirdae > Flashcards

Circoviridae and Papillomavirdae Flashcards

1
Q

Circo; circular confirmation
Cyclo: Greek, meaning a ____, ___ or ____
 The ___ known viral pathogens of animals
 The Circoviridae and Anelloviridae families are both comprised of animal viruses with ______ ____-stranded DNA genomes
 Gyrovirus was recently reclassified from the Circoviridae to the Anelloviridae

A

circle, wheel, ring, smallest, circular, single

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2
Q

Taxonomy Includes the genera Circovirus and Cyclovirus with ___ and ___ species respectively

A

49, 52

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3
Q

Typical member porcine circovirus 1 (AF071879), species Porcine circovirus 1,
genus Circovirus

Touched on this

A
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4
Q

Virion is non-_______, _____
Genome: ______, _____, ___-stranded DNA approximately ?kb

A

enveloped, icosahedral, Monopartite, circular, single, 1.7–2.1

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5
Q

Replication
________ _____ replication: (RCR) is a process of ________ nucleic acid replication that can rapidly synthesize multiple copies of ____ molecules of DNA or RNA

A

Rolling circle, unidirectional, circular

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6
Q

Host Range
Genus Circovirus have been identified only in ______ (?),
Genus Cyclovirus have been identified in ______ (?) and _______ (?), but in most cases the true host is _______.

A

vertebrates, mammals, birds and fish, vertebrates, mammals and birds, invertebrates, arthropods, unknown

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7
Q

Physicochemical properties
Virions are very ____, resisting ___C for ___ minutes and pH __ to pH __

A

stable, 60, 30, 3 , 9

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8
Q
A

Look at genome first then look at outside
2nd image –> inside = circular single stranded DNA (important)

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9
Q

Genome structure and organization of Circoviridae
* Origin of replication located between the start point of two major divergently
arranged ORF s (-CAP and CP)
* Rep gene direct the synthesis of 2 distinct proteins

**

A
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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Circoviridae replication cycle
 ______
 Virus penetrates into the host cell
 Uncoating, and release of the viral genomic ssDNA into the nucleus
 The ____ DNA is converted into ____ DNA with the participation of cellular factors
 Viral mRNAs: transcribed and translated to produce viral proteins
 These newly synthesized ___DNA can either
- converted to ___DNA and serve as a template for transcription/replication
- encapsidated and form virions released from the cell by budding

Replication lecture - he said to know this

A

NUCLEAR, ss, ds, ss, ds

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

1-Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD)
* First described in 1975 in Sydney
 The most significant disease of psittacine birds worldwide
* Contagious, fatal viral disease affects the beak, feathers, and immune system of birds
* Transmission of the virus from one individual to another :
- ______ contact
-inhalation or ingestion of _____
-infected ____ material, and feather ____** _______ plays important role in transmission
* Very stable in the ________ and can last for many months or years on ______ material. It is also resistant to _______. *Get rid of ____ trays, _____, to get rid of virus**

A

direct, aerosols, fecal, dust, Feather, environment, contaminated, disinfectants, water, feeders

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14
Q

PBFD -Clinical sings
–> Three forms of the disease exist:
*1. Per acute form: affects ______ parrots and causes septicemia, pneumonia, enteritis, weight loss, and death. Young birds may ____ before any feather abnormalities are seen
*2. Acute form: affects ____ birds during their first feather formation
-Depressed behavior, followed by sudden changes in developing feathers,
ranging from very subtle to quite obvious abnormal color, bending, breaking,
bleeding, and shedding of feathers.
-Acutely affected birds may recover
*3. The Chronic form: loss of production of ______ down
 At advanced stages of the disease, the beak _____ and may ___ away

circovirus main feature = immunosuppression

A

neonatal, die, young, powder, softens, rot

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15
Q
A

Fungal infection in a young
African Grey Parrot
secondary to PBFD
Newly hatched birds will lack colorful feathers.

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16
Q
A

Fungal infection in a young African Grey Parrot; infection with virus first adn then fungal infection (secondary to PBFD)

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17
Q

Diagnosis of PBFD
Based on clinical sings , characteristic gross
Histologic changes in the tissues of affected birds.
Nucleic acid hybridization
IHC staining assays can be used to detect BFD virus in the tissues of affected birds
Detection of the viral nucleic acids
Detection of the viral genome on the whole blood sample is the best diagnostic approach for the PBFD
*** ___/_____ biopsy through DNA ___ _____ hybridization
** ____ _____ exceeding ___ HAU/___ μl confirm PBFD infection
_____ measures the antibodies in the blood and inversely relates to HA
If test results are positive, although the bird is not displaying any clinical signs,
the bird should be retested within 90 days
**Can do ____

A

Skin/feather, in situ , HA titers, 640, 50, HI, PCR

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18
Q

PBFD-Prevention and control
 _______ or _____ of carrier birds to prevent transmission of BFD virus.
 Several ______ have been developed to prevent BFD virus infection, but they currently are not widely available.

A

Elimination, quarantine, vaccines

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19
Q

Porcine circoviruses (PCVs)
* ________ family, ______ genus
* Historically, PCV-1 was described as a non-cytopathogenic, picornavirus-like contaminant in the porcine kidney cell line late 1990s, an apparently novel PCV-like virus was isolated from PMWS-affected pigs. The new virus was antigenically and genetically distinct from PCV-1 and designated as PCV-2
*Three species in the genus, PCV type 1 (PCV1), PCV type 2 (PCV2),
and PCV type 3 (PCV3)
* All over the world in the domestic pig and probably the wild boar, has
been recently associated with a number of disease syndromes

A

Circoviridae, Circovirus

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20
Q

______ strains of PCV are known as of 2018
* PCV-1: first identified in 1974 is not known to cause disease in ____
* PCV-2: first isolated in 1997 causes _____, which over time results in significant depletion of _______.
* PCV-3: first described in 2015, causes widespread among pigs
* PCV-1 and PCV-2 show a ___ degree of _______ identity & similar genomic organiszation
* Genome organization for _____-___ is similar, but the sequence identity is much lower

Porcine circoviruses (PCVs)

PM examination of diseased animals reveals enlarged lymph nodes & abnormal lung tissue

A

Three, swine, PMWS, lymphocytes, high, sequence, PCV-3

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21
Q

PCV causes Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS)
*-wasting or ill thrift
*-extremely enlarged ______ ____
*-lungs will be ______, with intense interlobular ____
*-Liver can be enlarged as well
-The kidney may show _____ spots caused by interstitial ______

  • Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome (PDNS)
    -necrotizing skin, usually ___ to ____ in color
    -kidneys ______, petechial and/or multifocal areas of ____ (white spots)
  • Reproductive symptoms
  • ______ and ____-birth
    -At necropsy, the piglets enlarged ___ and ___
A

lymph node, rubbery, edema, white, nephritis, red, purple, enlarged, necrosis, Abortions, still, heart, liver

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22
Q
A

PCVs

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23
Q

PCVs
PCV-2 systemic disease case definition includes three
main diagnostic criteria
Presence of PCV-2 antigen or DNA (moderate to high
amount) in the microscopic lymphoid lesions
Presence of gross and microscopic (moderate and severe)
lesions characteristic of the disease

*PCR and ?

A
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24
Q
A

*A Macrophage with IB (Botroyid)
*B Paracrystaline viral array

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25
Q
A
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26
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A
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27
Q

Control of PCVs
____ specific treatment available
* New vaccines
*Suvaxyn PCV2 One Dose (Ft. Dodge)
* Ingelvac Circoflex (BI)
-In USA, 90 % of piglets should vaccinated
before weaning
* Minimize ____
Environment, mixing, moving, pig density
Eliminate or diminish co-infections (PRRSV, etc.)
Oral, injectable anti-inflammatories
All in all out management regimen
Cleaning and disinfection of the facilities

A

No, stress

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28
Q

Family Anelloviridae
* Identified in ____ from a Japanese ____
* This original virus was designated “ ____ virus” after the initials of the patient from whom it was isolated or from the term “_________-_______ virus”
* “torques” meaning “______” and “tenuis” meaning “___”)
* Family Anelloviridae currently includes ______ genera—
NOT THIS Alphatorquevirus, Betatorquevirus, Deltatorquevirus, Epsil
ontorquevirus, Etatorquevirus, Gammatorquevirus, Iotator quevirus, Kappatorquevirus, Lambdatorquevirus, Thetator quevirus, and Zetatorquevirus
* The ___-stranded, ____ DNA genome ranges from __ to ___ kb in size

very similar to _____

A

1997, patient, TT , transfusion-transmitted, necklace, thin, eleven, single, circular, 2.0, 3.9, circovirus

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29
Q

1-Chicken infectious anemia
(Chicken Anemia Virus-CAV)
 CAV: used to be under the genus ______, family _______ in the past
 CAV: currently under the genus Gyrovirus, family Anelloviridae
* Viral disease of ______ chickens (__-__ weeks of age)
* Produce aplastic _____, generalized lymphoid ______ & profound immune _______ that leads to _____
(opportunistic) viral, bacterial and fungal infections.
 Antibodies have been detected in Japanese quail
* CAV present _____ based on serology and virus isolation
* CAV infection described in most countries where chickens are raised _____

A

Gyrovirus, Circoviridae, young, 2-4, anemia, atrophy, suppression, secondary, worldwide, commercially

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30
Q
A
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31
Q

CAV was placed in the family Circoviridae in the past

A

still under circo but now not

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32
Q

Economic impact of CAV infection on poultry industry
*it is _______
* Trans ovarian transmission: _____
transmission
* Potential for inducing ______
alone or in _____ with other
infectious diseases
* Poor _______ _____ rate (FCR) and
reduction in weight gain
* High contamination rates for the ______
in the slaughterhouses
* High rates of ______ bacterial
infections

A

everywhere, vertical, immunosuppression, combination, Food conversion, carcasses, secondary

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33
Q

CAV tissue tropism, host range and transmission

  • CAV infects only ____
  • Organ affinity: CAV can be isolated from different organs but mainly _______
  • Under experimental infection: CAV can be isolated from almost ____ body organs (in, spleen, bursa, bone marrow, etc)
  • CAV infection usually occurs during the first ___ _____ of life
  • ______ transmission when breeder flocks get infected during the production time (check _____ and ___ early; will not ___ weight and continue to be ___.)
  • Horizontal transmission: through infected _____ materials or contaminated ______
  • Modes of transmission
  • ____ routes
  • _______ route
A

chickens, thymus, all, 3 weeks, Vertical, hatchery, chicks, gain, anemic, organic, equipment, Oral, Respiratory

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34
Q

CAV infects: _____ and __ ______ precursors

A

Hemocytoblast, T lymphocyte

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35
Q

CAV and the immunosuppression

A

CAV infects progenitor cell or the t lymphocyte precursor; decreases B cells and T cells.

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36
Q
  • Chicks are ______, _____, and ___
  • Birds appeared ___ developed for their age
  • Young chicken ____ and huddled under the ___ source
  • _____ in the musculature and subcutaneously with the wing ___ frequently affected
A

lethargic, depressed, pale, less, depressed, heat, Hemorrhages, tips

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37
Q
A

Clinical features of the CAV
birds huddle togehter, depressed,

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38
Q
A

CAV- postmortem lesions

39
Q
A

CAV
* Atrophy of the thymus
* Bone marrow is pale or yellow in colour and may
have fatty consistency
* Subcutaneous petechial on the hock of young
chicken

40
Q

Diagnosis & Control of CAV
 Tentative diagnosis is based on history, signs, and gross and histopathologic lesion
* Confirmation requires ______ of virus or viral ____ in the _____ or bone ____
* _____ is commonly used to demonstrate the ______ of CAV
* Commercial ____ kits are available to detect serum _____ to CAV and can be used to identify breeder flocks that are seronegative prior to egg production and to monitor the efficacy of vaccination
 Control: ___ vaccines are available for vaccination of antibody-negative breeder flocks prior to the start of egg production.

A

detection, DNA, thymus, marrow, PCR, ELISA, antibodies, Live

41
Q

CAV Vaccines and vaccination
* Aim of the vaccines to protect progeny chickens form early infections ______ ___ ____ when the curve of the maternal antibodies declines.
* _____ _____ vaccinated during the rearing
period (8-16) wks with the live vaccines; vaccinate grandparents so they can transfer antibodies
* Make sure the vaccines produces high level of ______ antibodies
CAV-1 and 2 (VP1 and VP2) vaccines induce
neutralizing antibodies against CAV

A

before 3 Wks, Breeder chicken, maternal

42
Q
A
43
Q

Torque teno virus (TTV) –> pigs
Torque TENO SUS VIRUSES
* TTV has a ____ stranded ____ DNA of ∼___ kb; Torque teno mini virus (TTMV) with ∼___ kb genome also has wide variants
* Highly prevalent in ___ populations worldwide
* There are at least ___ species of TTSuVs, specifically torque teno sus virus 1 (TTSuV1) and torque teno-sus-virus-2
(TTSuV2)
Recently, two related 2.2- and 2.6-kb species joined this community
* ______ between variants are frequent
*** TTSuV, swine TTV, porcine Anellovirus
* TTSuVs are mainly transmitted by the fecal-oral route
* TTSuV may worsen the progression of other diseases and therefore increase the economic losses for the pig industry

A

single, circular, 3.8, 2.9, pig, two, Recombinations

44
Q

Family Papillomaviridae
-General properties
-Morphology and structures
-Genome structure and Organization
-Common Papillomaviruses (HPV, BPV, EPV, )
-Laboratory Diagnosis and Vaccines
IV. Family Polyomaviridae
-Avain polyomavirus (Budgerigar fledgling disease polyomavirus)
-Goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPyV)
-Polyomaviruses of Laboratory Animals (murine pneumotropic virus (MPtV)
-Simian virus 40 (SV40)
III. Family: Papillomaviridae

A
45
Q

General criteria of Papillomaviruses
* Widespread among _______
* Identified in cattle, sheep, goats, deer, horses, rabbits, monkeys pigs, mice, elephants and several species of birds
* Induces _______ _____ (____), the hyperplastic epithelial proliferation of the skin or mucous membrane, which may
undergo ______ transformation.
 Highly species-specific

A

mammals, benign papillomas, warts, malignant

46
Q

Morphology and Structure of Papillomaviruses
* Virion:
-Non-_____
- ____,
- _____
-__-__ nm in size
* Genome:
-Single molecule _____ ___DNA contained within the capsid
-8 kb, associated with cellular histones in chromatin-like complex
* Host range: ?

A

enveloped, Small, Icosahedral, 52-55, circular, ds, mammals, reptiles, birds and fish

47
Q
A
48
Q

Papillomavirus Genome structure and organization
*10 open reading frames : early or late
*Early regions: express viral regulatory proteins
E1-E8, some of which are necessary for host cell
transformation
*Late region: expresses capsid proteins L1 and L2

A
49
Q
A

read off slide quickly

50
Q
A

dont need to know

51
Q
A

went through this

52
Q

Human papillomaviruses
* Human papillomavirus (HPV): most ______ _____?
** More than ___ HPV types infect the genital areas of males and females
HPV types can also infect the mouth and throat
Most people with HPV do not develop symptoms or health problems
In 90% of cases, the body’s immune system clears HPV
within two years
** Certain types of HPV cause genital _____ in males and females
** Other HPV types can cause ______ _____; _____ cells model for this.

A

common, STI, 40, warts, cervical cancer, HeLa

53
Q
A

HPV

54
Q

HPV and cervical cancer
* Prevention and control of HPV in human
* ________ virus like particle vaccine
-____ (FDA approved; HPV-16, 18, 6, 11
- ______ (FDA approved HPC-16, 18
* ____ ____
* Surgery

A

Recombinant, Gardasil, Cervarix, Pap smear

55
Q

Epidermal Differentiation & Papilloma virus Replication

Late protein (capsid protein
synthesis- virus assembly
and maturation
Early protein synthesis –
DNA replication
Maintenance of viral
DNA (episomal) – few
copies per cell

A

did not go over this at all

56
Q
A

Epidermal Differentiation & Papilloma virus Replication

did not go over this at all

57
Q

Organization of the viral lifecycle
The different layers of the
epithelium are shown on the left
The timing of expression and
associated protein levels are
summarized using triangles.

A

did not go over this at all

58
Q
A

did not go over this at all

59
Q

Mechanism of Papilomavirus Oncogenesis
* In ____ (natural host), BPV-1 and -2 is a self limiting _______ disease, inducing large ______ skin ____.
* BPV-1 infection of horses, an incidental host, may lead to the development of
benign tumors known as _____.
* BPV has been shown to transform cells by inserting its viral genome into the host’s genome. The resulting loss of cellular and viral functions alters the cell’s capabilities leading to ______.
* Oncogenic potential of BPV is determined by viral proteins ____, ______, _____.

A

cattle, neoplastic, fibrous, warts, sarcoids, oncogenesis, E5, E6, and E7

60
Q
A

**

61
Q

Pathogenesis of Papillomavirus in Keratinocytes
* Primary infection starts at ______ ______ cells
* Virus entry through skin _____ or ______
* Proliferation of the infected cells which spread _____ in association with virus induced delay in maturation of infected cells
* Cell differentiation: large no of virions produced resulted in papilloma formation

A

stratum germinaticum, abrasion, wounds, laterally

62
Q

Pathogenesis of Papillomavirus in Keratinocytes

A

spread infect other cells, buldge from surface.

63
Q

Papillomaviruses & disease
-Human Papillomavirus – HPV >100 types
-Bovine Papillomavirus – BPV >19 types
-Cottontail Rabbit Papillomavirus – CRPV
-Canine Oral Papillomavirus - COPV
-Equine Papillomavirus – EqPV
-European Elk Papillomavirus – EEPV
-Rabbit Oral Papillomavirus - ROPV
Papillomavirus is heterogeneous

A
64
Q
A

BPV-2
wart like lesion

65
Q

Bovine Papillomavirus
 6 types on the basis of antigenic and nucleotides sequence
 They are further distinguished on the basis of lesion they cause
* Cause ________ (_____) on skin of the head, neck, and
shoulders, and occasionally on the back and abdomen. vary in size and shape
 Small, nodular growth and then grew rapidly into dry whitish
cauliflower-like masses
 Warts appear ~2 mo after exposure and may last ≥1 yr
 Sometimes in venereal regions including vagina and penis

A

fibropapilloma, warts

66
Q

Bovine cutaneous papillomatosis
- ____ are most susceptible. There are few cases over ___ years of age

A

Calves, 2

67
Q
A

Bovine cutaneous papillomatosis flat “rice-grain” fibropapilloma
caused by BPV5.

68
Q
A

Bovine cutaneous papillomatosis “frond” type teat papilloma
caused by BPV6

69
Q

Bovine cutaneous papillomatosis vaccines
Vaccines against BPV types 1, 2 and 4
*Prophylactic vaccination: (i.e., vaccination of ____-____ animals to ______
infection) with the ____ virus
- ______-killed wart tissue suspension),
* Virus like particle (L1 or L1+L2), L1 protein or (for BPV-4) L2 protein
* long-lasting protection against challenges with the same BPV type,
- ineffective against existing warts
- Vaccination of calves as early as 4–6 weeks necessary to prevent infection
*Therapeutic vaccination (i.e., vaccination of animals with _____ warts) with
BPV-4 E7 or BPV-2 L2 induces early ______ of warts.

A

wart-free, prevent, whole, Formalin, existing, regression

70
Q

Bracken fern poisoning and Papillomavirus
in bovine alimentary cancer
* Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are relatively common
and have been associated with bracken fern consumption
and the presence of papillomas
** A theory of pathogenesis considers bovine papillomavirus
type 4 (____-___) as a cofactor in the development of these
SCCs
Endophytic growth patterns are located in the base of the
tongue
Regional lymph node metastasis of squamous cell
carcinoma of the upper digestive tract of cattle associated
with chronic poisoning by bracken fern
** Bovine urinary bladder tumors associated with ____-__

A

BPV-4, BBV-2

71
Q
A

Bovine cutaenous papillomatosis
fern

72
Q

Equine Papillomavirus
 Not as common as in cattle
 Most often on the nose and around the lips of young horses
 Sometimes in the inner aspects of ear
 Spreads by direct contact through wounds and abrasions
 Self-limiting which disappeared spontaneously in 4-8 wks
 Natural infection provides solid immunity
** Equine _____, an invasive fibroblastic skin tumor, is the most common neoplasm of equids. It is caused by BPV- __ and __

sometimes need to surgically remove

A

sarcoid, 1, 2

73
Q
A

Equine papillomavirus

74
Q

Equine sarcoid
1- Occult—flat, gray, hairless, and persistent; often circular or roughly circular
2- Verrucose—gray, scabby, or warty in appearance and may contain small, solid
nodules; possible surface ulceration; well-defined or cover large, ill-defined areas
3-Nodular—multiple, discrete, solid nodules of variable size; may ulcerate and bleed
4-Fibroblastic—fleshy masses, either with a thin pedicle or a wide, flat base that
commonly bleed easily; may have a wet, hemorrhagic surface
5-Mixed—variable mixtures of two or more types
6-Malevolent—an extremely rare, aggressive tumor that spreads extensively through
the skin; cords of tumor tissue intersperse with nodules and ulcerating fibroblastic
lesions

A

ran through this

75
Q
A

ran through

76
Q

PV and Sarcoids in Donkeys
* Fibroblastic tumour of viral etiology: BPV-1 (BPV-2)
Location: head/ears, limbs, abdomen, sites of trauma/healed wounds
Type: occult (flat), nodular, verrucous (warty), fibroblastic, mixed, malignant

A
77
Q
A

PV and sarcoid in donkeys
ran through

78
Q

Camel Papillomsvirus –>
_________ -like nodule and a ____ oval raised nodule

A

Cauliflower, round

79
Q
A

Camel papillomavirus

80
Q
A

Oral papilloma in dogs

81
Q

CPV-1 (& possibly CPV-13): ____ ______
(regress spontaneously within 8 weeks)
 CPV-2 (& possibly CPV-6): _____ _____ (can be exophytic or inverted
[dermal])
 CPV-3-5,7-12,14-16: cutaneous ______ _____ (not harmful but may progress to
squamous cell carcinomas)
* Viral papillomas are rare in cats
* FcaPV-1: oral viral papillomas

A

oral papillomas, cutaneous
papillomas, pigmented
plaques

82
Q

Diagnosis of Papillomavirues
-History
-Clinical Signs
-PM lesions
-Sampling (proper sample, skin scabs, biopsy, blood, sera, etc)
-Processing of Samples
-Detection of the Virus by EM
- Isolation of Virus (ECE inoculation, etc)
- Detection of Viral abs (ELISA, SNT)
- Detection of viral DNA (PCR, Real Time PCR, etc )

do PCR and sequencing

A
83
Q

IV. Family Polyomaviridae
Single genus – polyoma virus
* Genome: _____, closed ____, ___ DNA
genomes complexed with ______
* Virions smaller (__-___ nm) than
papillomaviruses
* genome (approximately __ kb) - smaller
than papillomaviruses
* has _____ gene – ALTO
(Overprinting is the capacity to use a
segment of DNA originally encoding only
one protein to express a second, shifted
reading frame in addition to the first one)

A

small, circular, ds, hisones, 40-45, 5, overprinting

84
Q
A
85
Q

Avian Polyomaviruses of Birds
Budgerigar fledgling disease polyomavirus
* _____ host range
* First ___ discovered – a devastating disease of young _____ - mortality rate up to 100% -
feather dysplasia of _____ wing feathers and ___ feathers, evident as the absence of feathers or thick sheaths.
* _____ _____ inclusions in the
epithelial cells of the kidney, liver, and ventricles of the brain.
* Necrosis of ____ - common, ascites and _____
* In larger psittacine birds - _____
phagocytic cells with ____
* In passerines - endothelial cells

A

Broader, APyV, budgerigars, primary, tail, basophilic, intranuclear, liver, hydropericardium, mononuclear, inclusions

86
Q
A

Affected (left) and normal
budgerigars
The affected budgerigar is the
same age, is stunted, and lacks
normal feather development

87
Q
A

Avian Polyomaviruses of Birds
intranuclear inclusions

88
Q

Goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPyV)
* GHPyV : cause _____ and _____ inflammatory disease of epithelial and endothelial cell tropism
* Causative agent of _____ _____ and
enteritis of young (___-__ wk) geese
* characteristic lesions of nephritis, depletion of lymphocytes in the cloacal bursa,
enteritis, ascites, and edema of the subcutaneous
tissues

A

acute, chronic, hemorrhagic, nephritis, 2-10

89
Q
A

Goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPyV)

90
Q

Polyomaviruses of Laboratory Animals
* Mouse - host to ___ virus -designated as a ______ ______ virus (MPtV), an
unfortunate name for an endotheliotropic virus that does ___ primarily target the ____ as a ____ site.
* MPtV infects which species?
* MT antigen –a major transforming protein that activates protein kinases of __-__ family -
used in transgenic constructs for induction of tumors in genetically engineered mice

A

K, murine pneumotropic, not, lungs, primary, monkeys, mice, rats, hamsters, and rabbits, c-Src

91
Q

Simian vacuolating virus 40 (SV40)
* Simian Virus 40 (SV40) is a non-_____, ___- DNA virus in the Polyomavirus genus of
the family Papovaviridae
* Infect _____ and ____ primates
* SV-40 has the potential to cause _____ in
animals
The large tumor antigen (__-__), is essential for both viral replication and cell transformation.
* SV-40 is an ____ vector for the following
reasons
-Can be easily modified to be ___-____
-Can be produced in ___ quantities
-Can infect almost ____ cell types that have
been tested
-It is not _____, which allows long-term
expression of the _____

A

enveloped, ds, humans, nonhuman, tumors, T-ag, non-replicative, large, every, immunogenc, transgene, ideal

92
Q
A
93
Q

French Moult In Budgies
* Virus was discovered in ______ imported from France
* _______ _____ is a highly contagious virus that may cause serious disease or even death in
infected birds, particularly in budgerigars
* Shedding of feathers around the ____ and ____
* The first feathers to fall will come from the ___ of the wings, and the remainder of the feathers _____ fall from the budgie’s wings

A

budgies, Avian polyomavirus, wings, tail, center, rhythmically

94
Q
A

French Moult In Budgies

Virology (17 decks)

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