Week 11- Introduction to Evidence

Question 1

Describe the intention behaviour gap

Answer 1

Human beings normally don’t carry out their intentions

Question 2

What are broad barriers of evidence?

Answer 2

1) Barriers to EBP
- Embedding key processes of EBP in everyday practice
2) Barriers to evidence implementation and change
- Implementing a desired change in current practice for particular patient group

Question 3

What are examples of barriers to EBP

Answer 3

• Characteristics of practitioner (research values/skills/awareness)
• Characteristics of setting (barriers/limitations)
• Characteristics of research (access to research, methodological soundness)

Question 4

What are examples of barriers to evidence implementation?

Answer 4

• Patient expectation
• Implementing difficult EBP process
• Multidisciplinary team issues, lack of uniformity
• Changes in leadership from management
• Time pressures, cost effectiveness, structural limitations

Question 5

How does one implement change?

Answer 5

• Individual professional (cognitive, education, attitude, motivation)
• Social context (social learning, network, influence)
• Patient leadership and influence
• not 1 strategy effective on its own*

Question 6

What are examples of health care stakeholders?

Answer 6

• Patient/client/consumer
• Family & community
• Health professionals
• Referrers
• Funders/administrator
• careful consideration required when using research evidence to engage with healthcare stakeholders*

Question 7

What is knowledge translation?

Answer 7

Process and strategy that leads to increased utilisation of research findings and improved outcomes for healthcare stakeholders

Question 8

What are the models of knowledge translation?

Answer 8

• Push pull capacity
• Two communities
• Exchange models

Question 9

Describe the push-pull model

Answer 9

Push
-Push research evidence to the stake holders
Pull
-Demand from stakeholders, they are receptive
-Stakeholders seek information
-Information delivered highly credible

Question 10

Describe the two communities model

Answer 10

Those who generate research evidence (researchers) and those who use research evidence (stakeholders) are from different communities
-Need for two way communication and mutual understanding

Question 11

Describe the exchange model

Answer 11

• Regular dialogue and interaction
• Forming and building relationships
• Help stakeholders understand research evidence, improve their research knowledge

Question 12

Describe patient/client centred care

Answer 12

• Respecting patient’s values, preferences and needs
• Coordination and integration of care
• Information, communication, education
• Implies communication, partnerships and a focus beyond immediate clinical condition
• Respect client’s needs, goals, values, expectations and preferences and involve them in decision making
• Provide honest, unbiased, clear information to ensure they understand

Question 13

What do evidence-practice gap mean and can you give some examples in healthcare where there are evidence practice gaps?

Answer 13

• What has been demonstrated in research to be effective and accurate is not routinely delivered in health care
• Gap between research evidence and clinical practice
• Production/access to evidence does not mean effective translation in practice
• Hand washing, exercise, healthy eating, physical activity etc.