Week 11 Gender Flashcards
Neuroscience approach to gender development
Hormones and Brain functioning
- androgens can have organizing or activating influences on the nervous system
What do effect sizes tell us?
Tells us whether the group attribute is statistically significant (not due to chance)
The two biological theories of gender development
- Evolutionary theory: genetic predispositions for behaviors
- Neuroscience approach: looks at hormones organizing and activating influences
3 Stages of Cognitive Developmental Theory in gender - children construct their own knowledge of gender
Gender identity: do not yet understand that gender is permanent
Gender stability: gender remains the same over time
Gender constancy: the understanding that gender is constant across situations
Gender schema filter
Attend to information in their own ingroup of gender
The ways that learning occurs in the Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura)
Tuition: direct teaching during gender socialization
Enactive experience: children are positively reinforced for displaying gender typed behavior
Observational learning: directly watching others and the media
What are the two influential processes that occur when a person commits to an ingroup (Social Identity Theory)
Ingroup bias - prefer things of your ingroup
Ingroup assimilation - conform to group norms
Cognitive theories of gender development
Cognitive Developmental Theory
Gender Schema Theory
Social Cognitive Theory
Social Identity Theory
Developmental Intergroup Theory (DIT)
Development of stereotyping and prejudice based on gender
- Psychological Salience of gender
- Activities organized by gender
- Stereotyping and prejudice
Gender self-socialization model
Gender development is a process of self socialization
Implies that reducing cultural gender stereotypes about personal-social attributes means that children wont have to associate certain things with gender
Bioecological model (cultural influences on gender)
Environmental system range from the microsystem (immediate environment) the macrosystem (the culture) and the chrono system (changes in the environment over the course of the childs development)
Prepares the child for adult gender roles and social behaviors
When does gender intensification or gender flexibility generally take place?
Adolescence
The types of communication styles
Collaboration: high in assertion and affiliation
Controlling: high in assertion, low in affiliation
Withdrawal: low in both assertion and affiliation
Obliging: high in affiliation, low in assertion
