Week 11: Cultural competence

Question 1

Definition A of culture

Answer 1

The customary beliefs, social forms and material traits of a racial, religious or social group
The characteristic features of everyday existence shared by people in a place or time

Question 2

Definition B of culture

Answer 2

The set of shared attitudes, values, goals and practices that characterize an institution or organization

Question 3

Definition C of culture

Answer 3

The set of values, conventions or social practices associated with a particular field, activity or societal characteristic

Question 4

Definition D of culture

Answer 4

The integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief and behaviour that depends upon the capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations

Question 5

Dimensions of cultural groups/identities

Answer 5

• Indigeneity, ethnicity, religion, language, place of origin
• Gender identity, sexual orientation
• Disability or other experience-driven culture
• Age and assumptions about age-related attitudes or abilities

Question 6

What does the dominant culture in Canadian society value in healthcare?

Answer 6

• Autonomy
• Veracity

Question 7

What essential competency of kinesiologies applies in this lecture?

Answer 7

3.2: Applies patient/client-centered principles in practice

Question 8

Competency 3.2 performance indicators

Answer 8

3.2.3 Recognizes the limits of one’s own knowledge, skills and abilities related to managing diversity and equity issues and consults when necessary
3.2.4 Takes into consideration the diversity of the patient/client
3.2.6 Respects the individuality of patients/clients and applies strategies that engage the patient/client in a collaborative approach

Question 9

Cultural sensitivity

Answer 9

Being aware that cultural differences and similarities exist and both have a n effect on values, learning and behaviour

Question 10

Cultural competence

Answer 10

A set of congruent behaviours, attitudes and policies that come together to enable a system, organization or professionals to work effectively in cross/cultural situations

Question 11

Cultural humility

Answer 11

A process of openness, self-awareness, being egoless and incorporating self-reflection and critique after willingly interacting with diverse individuals

Question 12

What are the results of achieving cultural humility?

Answer 12

Mutual empowerment
Respect
Partnerships
Optimal care
Lifelong learning

Question 13

Cultural safety

Answer 13

An environment perceived as safe by the people who may seek services; free of microaggressions, racism, discrimination or denial of a person’s identity and what the need/seek

Question 14

Why is a cultural competence continuum useful?

Answer 14

For considering how healthcare practitioner may think about intercultural interactions

Question 15

What is the order of the cultural competence continuum? (neg to pos)

Answer 15

1. Cultural destructiveness
2. Cultural incapacity
3. Cultural blindness
4. Cultural pre-competence
5. Cultural competence
6. Cultural proficiency

Question 16

Cultural destructiveness

Answer 16

Extreme negative end
Attitudes, policies and practices which are destructive to cultures and consequently to the individuals within the culture

Question 17

Example of cultural destructiveness

Answer 17

Canadian aboriginals who were forced to go to residential schools by non-aboriginals

Question 18

Cultural incapacity

Answer 18

Inability of healthcare providers and institutions to help clients from diff cultures

Question 19

Other aspects of cultural incapacity

Answer 19

Dominant client group serves as the norm for all care
The system conveys that people who are diff are not welcomed or values
The expectation is that people of minority cultures will adapt to, accept and even be grateful for care provided

Question 20

Example of cultural incapacity

Answer 20

Lack of language interpreter services

Question 21

Cultural blindness

Answer 21

Occurs when the existence of cultural differences is denied in a desire to be unbiased and treat all clients identically
Emphasizing equality over equity

Question 22

Example of cultural blindness

Answer 22

Canadian hospitals give clients cold water with meds but many cultures avoid cold foods and liquids during times of illness

Question 23

Cultural pre-competence

Answer 23

The recognition of needs based on culture and some movement towards meeting those needs

Question 24

Examples of cultural pre-competence

Answer 24

• the desire to deliver high-quality, cost-effective services
• a commitment to civil rights and social justice
• engagement w individuals and communities to ask what can we do
• development of inclusive policies

Question 25

What is a danger of pre-competence?

Answer 25

False sense of accomplishment or tokenism

Question 26

Cultural competence

Answer 26

Recognition and respect for, difference and an ongoing effort towards self-assessment and working with diversity

Question 27

Cultural proficiency

Answer 27

Beyond competence; seeking opportunities to create new knowledge and innovative practices

Question 28

What does cultural competence encompass?

Answer 28

• being aware of one’s own world view
• developing positive attitudes towards cultural differences
• gaining knowledge of diff cultural practices and worldviews
• developing skills for communication and interaction across cultures

Question 29

Limitations of the cultural competence continuum

Answer 29

• assumes that healthcare professions can learn a quantifiable set of attitudes and skills that allow them to work effectively within the cultural context of the patient/client
• focuses on knowledge acquisition and does not focus on social justice issues
• presented as a technical and communications technique
• potential to stereotype cultural groups

Question 30

Cultural humility definition

Answer 30

Dynamic and lifelong process focusing on self-reflection and personal critique

Question 31

What does cultural go beyond the concept of cultural competence to include?

Answer 31

1. A personal and lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and self-critique
2. Recognition of power dynamics and imbalances, desire to fix those power imbalances and to develop partnerships with people and groups who advocate for others
3. Institutional accountability

Question 32

What are the 5 key principles in cultural competemility model?

Answer 32

1. Cultural awareness
2. Cultural knowledge
3. Cultural skill
4. Cultural encounter
5. Cultural desire

Question 33

Cultural awareness

Answer 33

The process of conducting a self-examination of one’s own biases towards other cultures and the in-depth exploration of one’s cultural and professional background; being aware of the existence of documented racism and healthcare delivery

Question 34

Cultural knowledge

Answer 34

The process of seeking and obtaining a sound educational foundation about the worldviews of diff cultures

Question 35

Example of cultural knowledge

Answer 35

Patients in rehab search for meaning of their illness or disability and it is their worldview that influences what meaning they attach their health, illness and disability and what they should do when they become ill or disabled

Question 36

Cultural skill

Answer 36

The ability to conduct a cultural assessment to collect relevant cultural data regarding the client’s presenting problem and accurately conduct a culturally-based physical assessment

Question 37

Cultural encounter

Answer 37

The process which encourages the healthcare professional to directly engage in face-to-face cultural interactions to modify existing beliefs about a cultural group to prevent stereotyping

Question 38

Cultural desire

Answer 38

The motivation of the healthcare professional to want to engage in the process of becoming culturally aware, culturally knowledgable, culturally skillful and seeking cultural encounters, not the “have to”