Week 11

Question 1

Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development

Answer 1

Infancy: Birth – 18 mos’; Trust v/s Mistrust
Early Child: 18 mos – 3; Autonomy v/s Shame/Doubt
Play Age: 3 – 5; Initiative v/s Guilt
School Age: 6 – 12; Industry v/s Inferiority
Adolescence: 12 – 18; Identity v/s Role Confusion
Young Adult: 18 – 35; Intimacy v/s Isolation
Middle Adult: 35 – 55/65; Generativity vs Stagnation
Late Adult: 55/65 - death; Integrity v/s Despair

Question 2

Generational charateristics:

Answer 2

Matures (1925-1942)
Work hard; sense of duty; are willing to sacrifice; have a sense of what is right; work quickly

Baby Boomers (1943-1960)
Value personal fulfilment & optimism; crusade of causes; buy now, pay later; support equal rights for all; work efficiently

Generation X (1961 – 1981)
Live with uncertainty; consider balance important; live for today; save

Millennials (1982 – 2002)
Are close to their parents; feel “special”; are goal-oriented; are team oriented; focus on achievement

Question 3

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs:

Answer 3

self actualization
esteem
love and belonging
safety and security
physiological needs

Question 4

children developmental changes

Answer 4

physical
cognitive
behavioural
social/emotional

Question 5

principles and guidelines for communication w children:

Answer 5

1.Age-appropriate and child-friendly
Child-centered vs adult-centered
2.Address the child holistically
Use all senses & mental processes
3.Positive and strength-based
Build self-confidence & competence
4.Inclusive, addresses diversity, culturally appropriate care
Communication allows children to hear and see themselves reflected positively

Question 6

Communication needs:

Answer 6

• Infant / toddler: touch, movement, soothing voice , distraction, beginning to learn language
• Preschooler: play and storytelling, developing complex language
• School age: school work, reading, mutual decisions, peer socialization
• Adolescents: varied interests, peer groups

Question 7

Ageism

Answer 7

-Unequal treatment of persons based on age

-Often not taken as seriously as other forms of discrimination yet it has the same economic, social and psychological impacts

Question 8

Age related changes:

Answer 8

• visual changes, hearing loss, cognitive changes, increased risk of mental health challenges/depression