Week 10 Flashcards
Worldview:
Individual or cultural perceptions about key beliefs and issues, which influence interactions with others
Culture:
a learned system of knowledge, behaviours, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms that are shared by a group of people.”
Co-culture
a distinct culture within a larger culture. For example, gender, sexual orientation, race & ethnicity, and social class.
Leinger’s theory of transcultural nursing:
- Culturally congruent care: congruent with the patient’s values, beliefs, ways of being
-Culturally competent care: nurses practice culturally based care
Cultural elements:
Material culture – housing, clothing, automobiles
Social institutions – schools, governments, religious organizations
Individuals and the universe, system of beliefs
Aesthetics - music, theatre, art, dance
Language - verbal and non-verbal communication systems
Enculturation
-The process of communicating a group’s culture from generation to generation, you learned what you like by choosing from among the elements that were available within your culture.
-How you celebrate holidays, your taste in clothes styles, and your religious beliefs are learned through the enculturation process.
Acculturation:
-We acquire other approaches, beliefs, and values by coming into contact with other cultures.
-Acupuncture, yoga, tai chi, and karate studios are commonplace in most cities across Canada.
intercultural communication:
-Communication between people who have different cultures & perceptions, with communication partners recognizing they have differing interpretive contexts
-Competence in intercultural communication is the ability for you to adapt and learn about another’s culture
6 cultural values:
-Gender: Masculine vs. feminine
-Tolerance of uncertainty vs. avoidance of uncertainty
-High vs. Low context
-Power: Concentrated vs. decentralized power
-Individual vs. collectivism (group)
-Time: Short term vs long term
Masculine vs. feminine perspective:
masculine cultures: value achievement, assertiveness, heroism, and material wealth
feminine cultures:values relationships, caring for the less fortunate, and overall quality of life
Tolerance/avoidance of uncertainty:
-Some cultures tolerate more ambiguity and uncertainty than others
-People from cultures with a greater tolerance for uncertainty have more relaxed, informal expectations for others. “Go with the flow”.
concentrated vs. decentralized power:
Does the culture tolerate or accept hierarchical power structures or does it favour a more equal distribution of power?
Individual vs. group achievement
-Does the culture value individual achievement more than collective group accomplishments or vice versa?
-In collectivist cultures, individuals expect more support from others; value is more on “we” than “I”.
-Individualistic cultures, individuals feel responsible for taking care of themselves & their immediate families
high/low context:
-Using cues to send messages and understand meaning
-High context (nonverbal important)
-Low context (fewer nonverbal contextual cues are sent)
Time
-Continuum of long term and short term
-Long term (future oriented, greater good)
-Short term (value present and the past)
Barriers to effective intercultural communication:
-Ethnocentrism
the belief that your cultural traditions & assumptions are superior to those of others
-Different Communication Codes
-Stereotyping & Prejudice
-Assuming Similarity
-Assuming Difference
- language differences
stereotype:
attributing certain qualities to a person based on group membership; placing people in an inflexible category
Prejudice:
judging someone based on stereotypes, before you know all of the facts or background of that person.
discrimination
unfair or inappropriate treatment of people based on their group memberships
Improving intercultural competence:
-Developing bridging strategies: knowledge, ask questions and listen well.
- Developing knowledge (strategies to understand others who are different from us): seek information, ask questions and listen effectively, develop a third culture.
- Developing motivation (strategies to accept others): tolerate ambiguity, develop mindfulness, avoid judgement.
- Developing skills (strategies to adapt to others who are different from us): develop flexibility, become other oriented, social decentring, practice empathy, adapt your communication to others.
cultural competence:
-Ability to use cultural humility: “ a lifelong process of self-reflection and self-critique to understand personal biases and to develop and maintain mutually respectful partnerships based on mutual trust”
-Ability to assess and respect the values, beliefs and attitudes of your client in order to plan care which incorporates these values, beliefs, and attitudes.
