Week 10

Question 1

Worldview:

Answer 1

Individual or cultural perceptions about key beliefs and issues, which influence interactions with others

Question 2

Culture:

Answer 2

a learned system of knowledge, behaviours, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms that are shared by a group of people.”

Question 3

Co-culture

Answer 3

a distinct culture within a larger culture. For example, gender, sexual orientation, race & ethnicity, and social class.

Question 4

Leinger’s theory of transcultural nursing:

Answer 4

• Culturally congruent care: congruent with the patient’s values, beliefs, ways of being
  -Culturally competent care: nurses practice culturally based care

Question 5

Cultural elements:

Answer 5

Material culture – housing, clothing, automobiles
Social institutions – schools, governments, religious organizations
Individuals and the universe, system of beliefs
Aesthetics - music, theatre, art, dance
Language - verbal and non-verbal communication systems

Question 6

Enculturation

Answer 6

-The process of communicating a group’s culture from generation to generation, you learned what you like by choosing from among the elements that were available within your culture.
-How you celebrate holidays, your taste in clothes styles, and your religious beliefs are learned through the enculturation process.

Question 7

Acculturation:

Answer 7

-We acquire other approaches, beliefs, and values by coming into contact with other cultures.
-Acupuncture, yoga, tai chi, and karate studios are commonplace in most cities across Canada.

Question 8

intercultural communication:

Answer 8

-Communication between people who have different cultures & perceptions, with communication partners recognizing they have differing interpretive contexts
-Competence in intercultural communication is the ability for you to adapt and learn about another’s culture

Question 9

6 cultural values:

Answer 9

-Gender: Masculine vs. feminine
-Tolerance of uncertainty vs. avoidance of uncertainty
-High vs. Low context
-Power: Concentrated vs. decentralized power
-Individual vs. collectivism (group)
-Time: Short term vs long term

Question 10

Masculine vs. feminine perspective:

Answer 10

masculine cultures: value achievement, assertiveness, heroism, and material wealth
feminine cultures:values relationships, caring for the less fortunate, and overall quality of life

Question 11

Tolerance/avoidance of uncertainty:

Answer 11

-Some cultures tolerate more ambiguity and uncertainty than others
-People from cultures with a greater tolerance for uncertainty have more relaxed, informal expectations for others. “Go with the flow”.

Question 12

concentrated vs. decentralized power:

Answer 12

Does the culture tolerate or accept hierarchical power structures or does it favour a more equal distribution of power?

Question 13

Individual vs. group achievement

Answer 13

-Does the culture value individual achievement more than collective group accomplishments or vice versa?
-In collectivist cultures, individuals expect more support from others; value is more on “we” than “I”.
-Individualistic cultures, individuals feel responsible for taking care of themselves & their immediate families

Question 14

high/low context:

Answer 14

-Using cues to send messages and understand meaning
-High context (nonverbal important)
-Low context (fewer nonverbal contextual cues are sent)

Question 15

Time

Answer 15

-Continuum of long term and short term
-Long term (future oriented, greater good)
-Short term (value present and the past)

Question 16

Barriers to effective intercultural communication:

Answer 16

-Ethnocentrism
the belief that your cultural traditions & assumptions are superior to those of others
-Different Communication Codes
-Stereotyping & Prejudice
-Assuming Similarity
-Assuming Difference
- language differences

Question 17

stereotype:

Answer 17

attributing certain qualities to a person based on group membership; placing people in an inflexible category

Question 18

Prejudice:

Answer 18

judging someone based on stereotypes, before you know all of the facts or background of that person.

Question 19

discrimination

Answer 19

unfair or inappropriate treatment of people based on their group memberships

Question 20

Improving intercultural competence:

Answer 20

-Developing bridging strategies: knowledge, ask questions and listen well.

• Developing knowledge (strategies to understand others who are different from us): seek information, ask questions and listen effectively, develop a third culture.
• Developing motivation (strategies to accept others): tolerate ambiguity, develop mindfulness, avoid judgement.
• Developing skills (strategies to adapt to others who are different from us): develop flexibility, become other oriented, social decentring, practice empathy, adapt your communication to others.

Question 21

cultural competence:

Answer 21

-Ability to use cultural humility: “ a lifelong process of self-reflection and self-critique to understand personal biases and to develop and maintain mutually respectful partnerships based on mutual trust”
-Ability to assess and respect the values, beliefs and attitudes of your client in order to plan care which incorporates these values, beliefs, and attitudes.