Week 10 readings

Question 1

Conroy (2001) - summarise the FF literature

Answer 1

FF is a source of athletic stress (Gould, Horn and Spreeman 1983) and a reason for youth sport dropout (Orlick 1972)

Question 2

Conroy (2001) - how does Covington (2000) suggest that achievement motivation can be estimated?

Answer 2

Tendency to avoid failure score being subtracted from tendency to approach success

Negative score = prediction of avoidance motivation or be a failure-oriented person (Convington, 2000)

Question 3

Conroy (2001) - how does Birney et al (1969) define failure?

Answer 3

Failure is often defined as the nonattainment of a goal

Individuals are unlikely to fear failure as much as they fear the consequences of failure

Question 4

Conroy (2001) - what are the applications of FF?

Answer 4

Educational programmes teaching parents about the affectional nature of their communications

Teach coaches how to identify vulnerable children who can benefit most from their positive influence

Provide strategies to coaches for coordinating their relationship with parents to provide a unified message

Question 5

Martin (2003) - what are the key factors for promoting success orientation?

Answer 5

Enhance student’s self belief

Enhance student’s value of school

Enhance student’s perceived control

Enhance student’s learning focus

Question 6

Martin (2003) - promoting success orientation - how can we enhance student’s self belief?

Answer 6

Structuring activities to maximise opportunities for success

Challenge students’ negative thinking- what evidence do they have that upholds these negative thoughts?

Make outcomes accessible for all students (Covington 1992)

Question 7

Martin (2003) - promoting success orientation - how can we enhance student’s value of school?

Answer 7

Enhance the relevance of school by linking what is taught in class with students’ lives/interests

Educators must act as role models that value what they are teaching (McInerney, 2000)

Question 8

Martin (2003) - promoting success orientation - how can we enhance student’s perceived control?

Answer 8

Encourage students to focus on cause of success and failure that are within their control

Provide students with choices for class objectives (McInerney 2000)

Provide effective and consistent feedback (Martens 1992)

Effective goal-setting used

Question 9

Martin (2003) - promoting success orientation - how can we enhance student’s learning focus?

Answer 9

Promoting a mastery focus and skill development (Martin, 2001)

Encourage students to focus on the task in hand and how to do it (McInerney, 2000)

Collaborative learning and cooperative learning