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PSYCH 2080 > week 10 - personality testing > Flashcards

week 10 - personality testing Flashcards

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1
Q

what is personality testing

A

describe personality in relation to a persons more striking characteristics
- often stable over time
- created to capture non-intellectual aspects of human behaviour

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2
Q

what is personality

A

relatively stable. distinctive patterns of behaviour that can characterize an individual and their reactions to the environment

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3
Q

trait

A

long lasting characteristic that shapes how a person thinks, feels and behaves

ex. extraversion is a trait that reflects a person’s sociability

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4
Q

type

A

general description of people (broad definition of a persons personality)

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5
Q

states

A

description of how people think, feel and behave in a given moment

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6
Q

self concept

A

a persons self definition
- an organized and consistent set of assumptions a person has about themselves

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7
Q

humanistic theory

A

study of personality focuses on the individuals subjective experience

people are basically well-intentioned, not the product of urges, and they have a need to develop their potential (self-actualization)

CARL ROGERS

self concept - all experiences are to be evaluated in relation to a persons self concept

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8
Q

What is the earliest personality test we discussed?

A

Woodworth Personal Data Sheet (WPDS), developed during World War I

  • self report, T/F questionnaire created to screen soldiers for emotional instability also known as “shell shock”
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9
Q

2 well received personality tests with better psychometric properties

A
  1. Minnesota Multiphasic
    Personality Inventory (MMPI)
  2. Cattell’s 16 Personality
    Factor Test (16PF)
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10
Q

What is the Big 5

A

personality test that is able to predict many different areas of life with a major focus on the importance of conscientiousness

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11
Q

what are the components of the big 5

A
  1. Neuroticism
  2. Extraversion
  3. Openness
  4. Agreeableness
  5. Conscientiousness
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12
Q

Descriptions of each of the big 5

A

Neuroticism:
- high depressivity
- high emotional lability
- high shamefulness

Extraversion
- high excitement seeks
- high attention seeking
- low social withdrawal
- low detached coldness

Openness
- high magical thinking
- high eccentricity
- low inflexible
- low close minded

Agreeableness
- high submissive
- high selfless
- high gullible
- low callousness
- low deceitfulness

Conscientiousness
- high perfectionism
- high workaholism
- low distractibility
- low irresponsible
- low rashness

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13
Q

what is MMPI

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

  • developed in 1941
    to aid in assessment of psychological disorders
  • items used to distinguish different types of individuals

groups included: hypochondriacs, depression, hysterics,
psychopathic deviates, paranoids, psychathenics,
schizophrenics, and hypomanics

  • individuals respond to True-False questions about themselves.
  • Requires sixth grade reading level
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14
Q

strengths and weaknesses of MMPI

A

strengths:
- high reliability & validity
- includes scales for diagnosing disorders (e.g. schizophrenia, depression)

weakness:
- Sociodemographic biases
- high literacy levels for accurate responses
- correlated errors from overlapping items

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15
Q

validity scales of the MMPI

A

Lie Scale (L) - detect individuals who present themselves in an overly good way

K Scale - detect denial of problems of defensiveness.

Infrequency Scale (F) - Identifies unusual or random answers, often reflecting inconsistent or deviant responses

TRue Response Inconsistency (TRIN): examines inconsistent responses to similar items or opposite items

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16
Q

scoring on the MMPI

A
  • if more than 10% of items across the MMPI are not scores, the entire profile would be invalid
  • Scores of 70+ indicate significant deviation from the mean.
  • MMPI-2 now uses 65+ as the cut-off for significant deviations.
17
Q

MMPI – Pattern Analysis

A

Pattern of responses believed to help create a profile of a disorder

  • in reality, subjects often scored high on multiple scales.
  • Use of Pattern Analysis was used to identify profiles that would
18
Q

true response inconsistency scale

A

examination of selecting true too often

19
Q

EPPS

A

formed pairs of item sthat would have equally likely social desirability
- subjects select which pair represents their likes and feelings

20
Q

self concept

A

a set of assumptions a person has about him or herself
- what u believe is true about yourself will impact your behaviours
- often research used a form of checklists

21
Q

self-esteem

A

overall sense of self worth or value a person places on themselves

  • measured by tools like the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
22
Q

Big Five- describe each component

A

neuroticism: a tendency toward anxiety and emotional instability
extraversion: sociability & enthusiasm
openness: creativity & curiosity
agreeableness: cooperation & kindness
conscientiousness: organization & responsibility

23
Q

NEO-PI-R (predictions/correlation)

A
  • Conscientiousness has been found to positively predict job performance, coping, and is positively correlated with
    satisfaction with life.
  • Conscientiousness is argued to be a fundamentally important
    personality trait.
  • Neuroticism has been found to predict the opposite as
    conscientiousness.
  • Openness has been positively correlated with crystalized intelligence.
24
Q

Positive and Negative Affect
Schedule (PANAS) and why is it valuable

A
  • Measures positive and negative emotions separately, helping assess emotional well-being
  • emotional well being is the center
  • It includes adjectives like “distress” or “joy,” rated on their relevance to current feelings
  • Two scales: positive & negative

valuable: strong psychometric properties, used in research

25
Q

Measures of Dark Triad

A

The Dirty Dozen by Jonason and Webster (2010) includes four items to measure each trait.

The Short Dark Triad (SD3) is a 27 item, with nine items to
measure each trait

Currently suggested higher factors include: disagreeableness,
honest-humility, lack of empathy, and interpersonal antagonism

26
Q

associations of dark triad

A

Associated with toxic leadership, deviant behaviours, and many
negative outcomes

  • research suggests that having high on one of the dark triad traits can be advantageous if paired with high on one or
    more of the Big Five personality traits or high intelligence
27
Q

What is the Dark Triad

A

consists of 3 negative personality traits

  1. Machiavellianism: Manipulative and strategic behaviour for personal gain.
  2. Narcissism: Excessive self-love and entitlement
  3. Psychopathy: Lack of empathy, impulsivity, and antisocial behaviour
28
Q

What is the Dark Tetrad

A

expands the dark triad by adding: sadism

sadism: Deriving pleasure from causing pain or suffering to others

PSYCH 2080 (9 decks)

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