Week 10

Question 1

What does sin produce and what are its results?

Answer 1

It produces guilt (eternal) and results in punishment (temporal)

Question 2

How is guilt compensated?

Answer 2

By repentance (remorse), through confession of sin to a priest who gives absolution.

Question 3

How is punishment compensated?

Answer 3

Compensated by grace, by means of indulgence, granted by a pardoner.

OR make amends in purgatory.

Question 4

What is purgatory, and name the billet points

Answer 4

A place or state of suffering inhabited by the souls of sinners who are making amends for their sins before going to heaven.
• Away from earth
• Temporary place of punishment
• Before going to heaven
• Not to confuse with hell (= eternal punishment)

Question 5

Who had the Power of the Keys?

Answer 5

Pope and later Bishops

Question 6

How was God’s grace earned in history?

Answer 6

Earned by Christ’s death to redeem people

Question 7

Plenary and Partial

Answer 7

Plenary: (of the pope) everyone is forgiven of their sins at once.

Partial: (of bishop) crusaders, good deed-do’ers.
• Through time it becomes easier to earn an indulgence, as long as you pay for it.

Question 8

What is a Pardoner? And what are his tasks?

Answer 8

A distributor of indulgences, religious figure within the Church, duty was to travel place to place to sell indulgences.

Tasks;
1. Raises funds for the church
2. Sells indulgences (pardons)
3. Also sells relics, quack medicines, fake bulls: profitable sideline, abuse!
4. Claims he can absolve sin!

Question 9

Scholasticism

Answer 9

To understand phenomena or problems = logic
1. System of analysis universally understood
2. Set of rules to verify a conclusion

Question 10

Logic (Aristotle)

Answer 10

Syllogism;

1. All men are mortal
2. Socrates is a man
3. Socrates is mortal

Question 11

What are Medieval methods of instruction?

Answer 11

Scholasticism or Scholastic method

Question 12

What is the Scholastic approach to argue?

Answer 12

Arguing for and against a problem or a question (dialectical reasoning).

Question 13

What is ‘being’ and what is ‘existence’? (division and subdivision). What is an example?

Answer 13

A sculpture exists because of:

1. Material cause
   • Sort of material (marble)
2. Formal cause
   • Shape, form it takes (warrior)
3. Efficient cause
   • The artist or power (tool) determining the form
4. Final cause
   • Why it was made (purpose)

Question 14

What is Being, and what is Existence?

Answer 14

Devision and Subdivision

Question 15

Why argue for and against?

Answer 15

1. Get to essence of problem
2. Ask questions
3. No rushing to a conclusion, but arguing to gain complete understanding

Question 16

What does the scholastic method reveal?

Answer 16

1. To understand phenomena or problems (logic),
2. System of analysis is universally understood
3. Set of rules to verify conclusion
4. Arguing for and against a problem/question (dialectical reasoning)

Question 17

What does the Pardoner do?

Answer 17

1. Raises funds for Church
2. Sells indulgences (pardons)
3. Sells relics, quack medicines, fake bulls
4. Claims he can absolve sin (he can’t!)
5. Dealer of indulgences

Question 18

What is absolution?

Answer 18

Soul put in a state of grace, can receive God’s grace in form of a pardon.

Question 19

What are examples of the pardoner abusing his power?

Answer 19

The tale shows that he is highly manipulative and cynical, admitting to using deceptive tactics for personal gain: “I care not a bit”.

He also reveals that financial gain is his main concern.