Week 1: Worksheet Flashcards
State 4 properties that make something living:
- ) Growth
- ) Metabolism
- ) Reproduction
- ) Homeostasis
Are viruses living?
2 Phases of Virus
- Virion- No living properties, is outside of a cell. Cannot replicate
- Within Infected cell- Can reproduce, “incubator for production of new viruses.
7 Reasons why we study viruses
- Can cause human diseases
- Are everywhere, most abundant entity
- Infects all living things
- Beneficial to some, food for microorganisms
- Can cross species boundaries bats –> humans (zoonosis)
- Part of humans, 8% of the genome is viral
- Can be used as tools: Phage gene therapy & cell biology
4 ways viruses can be classified
- Size
- Shape
- Genome
- Presence/absence of an envelope
What type of viruses can be inactivated by hand sanitizer?
Viruses with envelopes. Soap molecules (hydrophilic and hydrophobic). Hydrophobic regions in soap insert to viral membranes which are also hydrophobic. –> formation of PORES in viral envelope –> destroys virus. Enveloped viruses are susceptible to heat and acidic environments.
How does virus discovery today differ from 100 years ago
in past, only restricted to disease-causing viruses (tobacco, mosaic disease). Today, new technology or direct sequencing allowed us to identify viruses in any ecosystem regardless of host.
submicroscopic, obligate parasitic pathogens compromising of the genetic material of (RNA/DNA) surrounded by a protective protein coat
Virus
transmitted among humans and other vertebrates; refers to infections and diseases
Zoonotic
organisms that are absolutely dependent on another organism for reproduction
Obligate parasite
unencapsidated, small, circular, single stranded RNA’s that replicate autonomously when inoculated into plant cells
Viroid
infectious agents compromising an abnormal isoform of a normal cellular protein but no nucleic acid; implicated as the causative agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies,
Prion
