Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology Anatomy > Week 1 - wet room > Flashcards

Week 1 - wet room Flashcards

1
Q

embryologically, which two vesicles of the neural tube give rise to the brainstem?

A

mesencephalon & rhombencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the cavities (of the ventricular system) which lie within the brainstem?

A

cerebral aqueduct

4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the name of the groove which separates the pons and medulla?

A

pontomedullary junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which nerves emerge from the pontomedullary junction?

A

CN VI and VII (abducens and facial nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what surface features are found on the medulla?

A

pyramids
olives (laterally to the pyramids)
inferior cerebellar pedundle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the decussation of the pyramids and what part of the brainstem is this present?

A

medulla

decussation is the crossing over of fibres from the pyramidal tract from one side to the other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what type of fibres does the pyramids contain?

A

motor fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the function of the olives and where are they found?

A

The medulla - lateral to the pyramids

They are associated with perception of sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the open part of the medulla open into?

A

the 4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the middle cerebellar peduncle made up of?

A

centripetal fibres / incoming fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what structure does the cerebral peduncle arise from?

A

midbrain

- the cerebral peduncle is the whole of the midbrain except from the tectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what fibres does the cerebral peduncle contain?

A

sensory and motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where do fibres which run in the cerebral peduncle go to and come from?

A

the cerebrum and pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres?

A

corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of the cerebellar peduncles?

A

they connect the cerebellum to the brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the function of the cerebral peduncle?

A

it helps transport nerve impulses from higher parts of the brain to the brain stem to help refine our movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the different parts of the cerebellum?

A

anterior and posterior lobes
cerebellar tonsil
flucculonodular node
grey and white matter?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

if there is changes in intra cranial pressure what part of the brain herniates through the foramen magnum first?

A

cerebellar tonsil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what change in pressure would cause herniation of the cerebellar tonsil into the foramen magnum?

A

a sudden drop in intracranial pressure

20
Q

what is the term for herniation of the cerebellar tonsil into the foramen magnum?

A

cerebellar coning

21
Q

what is the name of the fissure which separates the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

longitudinal fissure

22
Q

the cerebral hemispheres sit on the base of the anterior and middle cranial fossa’s but what does it sit on in the posterior fossa?

A

tentorium cerebelli

fold of dura matter

23
Q

what covers the cerebellum?

A

tentorium cerebelli

fold of dura matter

24
Q

what type of nerve fibres are found within the corpus callous?

A

commissural fibres (connecting bundle)

25
Q

what is the main function of each part of the cerebrum?

  • frontal lobe ?
  • parietal lobe ?
  • occipital lobe ?
  • temporal lobe ?
A

primary motor cortex
primary sensory cortex
primary visual cortex
primary auditory cortex

26
Q

at what level does the spinal cord terminate in an adult and child?

A 
adult = L1 
child = L2/3
27
Q

at what vertebral level does the arachnoid and dura matter terminate?

A

S2

28
Q

what lies within the spinal canal?

A

spinal cord
meninges
CSF
central gelatinous substance of spinal cord

29
Q

what happens to the pia matter inferior to the spinal cord termination?

A

becomes and extends as a thin filament called the film terminale

30
Q

at what level would you perform a lumbar puncture and why?

A

L3/4

your spinal cord terminates at L1 and beyond this until S2 lies the CSF wrapped in arachnoid and dura matter

31
Q

what is the difference between upper and lower motor neurones?

A

upper motor neurones travel within the spinal cord

lower motor neurones are the neurones which U.M.N synapse with when it exits the spinal cord

32
Q

what is the name of the continuation of the spinal nerves after the cord terminates?

A

cauda equina

33
Q

is damage to the cauda equina classified as an upper or lower motor neurone lesion?

A

lower motor neurone lesion

34
Q

what are the symptoms of an upper motor neurone lesion?

A

spasticity
increase in muscle tone
complex sensory syndromes

35
Q

what are the symptoms of a lower motor neurone lesion?

A

decrease in muscle tone (flaccid paralysis)

global sensory changes

36
Q

What embryological vesicle give rise to the midbrain of the brainstem?

A

Mesencephalon

37
Q

What embryological vesicle gave rise to the hindbrain (pons & medulla) ?

A

Rhombencephalon

38
Q

What is the disadvantage of the abducens nerve having the longest course when it leaves the pontomedullary junction?

A

It leaves it vulnerable to damage due to raised intracranial pressure or other mechanical damage such as intracranial fractures of cerebral artery aneurysms.
This can result in CN VI palsy

39
Q

Damage to the abducens nerve due to increased intracranial pressure can give a misleading clinical presentation, how?

A

The clinical presentation of damage to the nerve causes doubles vision and the patient wont be able to abduct the eye.
This is misleading because it makes you think that there is something wrong with the eye and not about intracranial pressure

40
Q

What part of the brain stem are superior and inferior colliculi located?

A

Midbrain

41
Q

where do you find the calcarine sulcus and what does it divide?

A

In the medial side of the occipital lobe

It divides the visual cortex into 2

42
Q

What are the different parts of the ending of the spinal cord?

A

The spinal cord ends at L1
It tapers out in a cone shape called the conus medullaris
After conus medullaris there is still nerves which continue down the spine called the cauda equina
When the spinal cord ends at conus medullaris, the pia matter becomes filament our forming the film terminale
The arachnoid and pia matter end at S2

43
Q

What ligaments are removed so you can view the spinal cord?

A

Ligamentum spinosum

44
Q

What is the procedure called which removes part of the vertebra so you can view the spinal cord?

A

Laminectomy

45
Q

What nerves emerge from between the midbrain and pons?

A

The occulomotor and trochlear nerves

Neurology Anatomy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions