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Neurology Anatomy > Week 1 - Dry Room > Flashcards

Week 1 - Dry Room Flashcards

1
Q

What arteries compose the circle of Willis?

A 
Vertebral artery
Anterior spinal artery
Basilar artery 
Posterior cerebral artery
Posterior communicating artery
Internal carotid artery
Middle cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Anterior communicating artery
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2
Q

From which arteries do the vertebral arteries arise from?

A

The subclavian arteries

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3
Q

In which sulcus does the middle cerebral artery travel in?

A

Lateral sulcus

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4
Q

In what sulcus does the posterior cerebral artery travel in?

A

Calcarine sulcus

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5
Q

In what groove does the anterior cerebral artery travel in?

A

Anterior interhemispheric groove

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6
Q

What parts of the brain does the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

Anterior supplies the medial portion of all the lobes of the cerebral hemispheres except the occipital
Middle supplies the middle portion of the cerebral hemispheres from the lateral sides
The posterior supplies the occipital lobe and inferior part of the hemispheres

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7
Q

What cerebral artery supplies the primary sensory, motor, auditory and visual cortex’s?

A

Sensory cortex = anterior C.A.
Motor cortex = anterior C.A
Auditory cortex = anterior C.A
Visual cortex = posterior C.A

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8
Q

What cerebral artery supplies the area of the brain responsible for olfaction?

A

Middle C.A

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9
Q

What parts of the brain does the vertebrobasilar system supply?

A

The pons

Superior and inferior aspects of the cerebellum

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10
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges just above the superior cerebellar artery?

A

Occulomotor nerve CN III

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11
Q

What clinical condition commonly occurs at the area of the posterior cerebral artery where the occulomotor nerve emerges? And what consequences does this have?

A

At this point, the posterior cerebral artery is also running immediately above the superior cerebellar artery and it is above this artery which the occulomotor emerges
Aneurysms of the posterior cerebral are common at this area and can result in palsy of the CN III

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12
Q

What help control the blood flow to the brain?

A

Carotid sinus
Carotid body
Sympathetic motor nerves from the superior cervical ganglion which form a plexus around the internal carotid artery

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13
Q

Where are venous sinuses located?

A

Between the periosteum and cranial dura matter

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14
Q

Where does blood from the brain drain?

A

It drains into venous sinuses which eventually drain into the internal jugular vein

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15
Q

What is one of the main cerebral veins? Is it part of the superficial or deep group?

A

Part of the deep group of cerebral veins

The great cerebral vein (of Galen)

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16
Q

What are the names of the venous sinuses”?

A 
Cavernous sinus
Superior and inferior Sagittal sinus
Transverse sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Straight sinus
Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses
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17
Q

What are some of the important connections between the intracranial venous sinuses and extracranial veins?
And why are they of clinical importance?

A

They are important in the spread of infection

  • emissary veins
  • superior ophthalmic vein
  • inferior petrosal sinuses
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18
Q

What are the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses connected to each other by?

A

Basilar sinus

19
Q

What does the emissary veins connect?

A

It connects the cranial venous sinuses with the dipole of the skull which contains the blood sinuses in the bone marrow
In turn these blood sinuses within the bone marrow are continuous with the veins in the superficial fascia overlying the outer part of the skull

20
Q

What vein is the superior ophthalmic vein continuous with?

A

The facial vein

21
Q

What structures lie within the cavernous sinus?

A

Internal carotid artery
CN III, IV, VI
Optic nerve
Ophthalmic and maxillary nerve

22
Q

What arteries fuse to form the anterior spinal artery?

A

The vertebral arteries

23
Q

What arteries are the posterior and anterior spinal arteries branches of?

A

Anterior - vertebral arteries

Posterior - posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

24
Q

What is the venous drainage of the vertebrae?

A

Internal and external vertebral venous plexus

25
Q

Where is CSF found?

A

Around the brain

Within the subarachnoid space - between arachnoid and pia matter

26
Q

What is found within the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF
Trabeculae (connective tissue)
Arteries and veins

27
Q

What is the sheath of dura matter that separates the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebri

28
Q

What si the fold of dura matter that separates the cerbellum?

A

Falx cerebella

29
Q

What is the dura matter which the occipital lobe lies on?

A

The tentorium cerebri

30
Q

What bony structure(s) does the tentorium cerebelli connect to?

A

The posterior clinoid processes and petrosal part of temporal bone

31
Q

What bony structure(s) does the flax cerebri attach to?

A

The Crista Gali and internal occipital processes

32
Q

What venous sinuse runs along the upper and lower borders of the flax cerebri?

A

Superior and inferior Sagittal sinuses

33
Q

What is the fold of dura matter that surrounds the pituitary stalk?

A

Diaphragm sellae

34
Q

What is the middle meningeal artery a branch of and what foramen does it arise from?

A

Branch of the maxillary artery

Foramen spinosum

35
Q

Where is the maxillary artery a branch of and where does this artery give off the maxillary branch?

A

Branch of ICA

Given off within the parotid gland

36
Q

What embryological structures are the ventricles formed from?

A

Mesencephalon - neural tube

37
Q

What are the ventricles within the brain?

A

Lateral ventricles
3rd ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct
4th ventricle

38
Q

What is found within the ventricles and what is its purpose?

A

Choroid plexus - produces CSF

39
Q

Where is CSF absorbed into the general circulation?

A

Through blood vessels over the surface of the brain

40
Q

What makes the indentations on either side of the superior sagittal sinus?

A

Arachnoid villi

41
Q

Congenital defects of restriction of the CSF circulation can cause a condition called? What are affects of this condition?

A

Hydrocephalus
It causes an increase in intracranial pressure which will lead to a progressive enlargement of the head and a reduction in cerebral matter

42
Q

What can hydrocephalus be associated with?

A

Spina bifida

43
Q

How is hydrocephalus treated?

A

Shunt - to redirect fluids out of the cerebral circulation into the deep venous system

Neurology Anatomy (5 decks)

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