Topography Of The Brain Flashcards
What arteries does the anterior communicating artery connect in the circle of Willis?
Connects the 2 (left and right) anterior cerebral arteries
What arteries does the posterior communicating artery connect?
The posterior cerebral artery and the internal carotid artery
What artery does the 2 vertebral arteries join to form in the circle of Willis?
The basilar artery
What is the benefit and the disadvantage of the circle of Willis?
The benefit is that if one of the arteries were occluded then there are other ways in which the brain is supplied with blood therefore preventing stroke
However if this happens then the arteries supplying the cerebral hemispheres are effectively end arteries’
What are the 3 cerebral arteries and what part of the brain do they supply?
Anterior cerebral supplies middle part of the cerebral hemispheres except the occipital lobe
Middle cerebral supplies the lateral part of the cerebral hemispheres
The posterior part supplies the inferior part of the cerebral hemispheres and the occipital lobe
The veretebra-basillar system gives arterial branches which supply what parts of the brain?
Brain stem and cerebellum
What is the posterior cerebral artery a branch of?
The basilar artery
What is the venous drainage of the brain?
Superficial and deep veins drain into venous sinuses
Duran venous sinuses join together and drain. Into the IJV
Name the venous sinuses.
Transverse sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Cavernous sinus
Superior Sagitta sinus
The basilar artery ends at the level of the midbrain and splits into 2 arteries which are?
The 2 posterior cerebral arteries
What is found within the cavernous sinus?
The internal carotid artery Ophthalmic nerve Occulomotor nerve Trochlear nerve Abducens nerve
Where is the cavernous sinus located?
On either side of the pituitary fossa
What nerves arise from the midbrain?
CN III, IV
What nerves arise from the pins?
CN V, VI, VII, VIII
What nerves arise from the medulla?
CN IX, X, XI, XII
What connects the cerebellum to the brain Stem?
The superior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles
What part of the brain develops from mesencephalon?
Midbrain
What are the surface features found on the medulla?
Pyramids (and their decussation- crossing over fibres)
Olives (laterally)
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
What surface feature is found on the midbrain?
Posteriorly;
Corpora quadrigemina-
Superior colliculi
Inferior colliculi
What separates the right and left hemispheres of the cerebellum?
Vermis
What is each hemisphere of the cerebellum divided into?
Anterior, posterior and flocculonodular nodes
What part of the cerebellum is the first part to herniate out of the foramen mangnum due to changes in cranial pressure?
Cerebellum tonsil
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Posture maintenance
Fine tuning motor activity
What are the different inputs that the cerebellum receives information from?
Information from Pyramidal tracts containing motor fibres
Information from ipsilateral proprioceptors
Information from vestibular nuclei regarding balance and posture
What is the name for the abnormal fine tuning of motor actions by the cerebellum?
Ataxia
How would you test for ataxia?
Finger nose test
Walking in a straight line
Knee-heel test
What are the paired structures the diencephalon?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
epithalamus (Pineal gland)
What fibers does the thalamus receive and process?
Sensory
What is the main role of the hypothalamus?
Main visceral control centre and essential for homeostasis
What is the sensory relay centre of the brain?
Thalamus
What artery are the vertebral arteries branch of?
Subclavian artery
