Week 1 Tuesday - Trachte - Skin Physiology

Question 1

What type of chemical messenger do MOST sympathetic postganglionic nerves release? What type of receptor do they act on?

Answer 1

Norepinephrine, Alpha 1 or beta adrenergic receptor (a G-protein coupled receptor).

Question 2

How does the sympathetic nervous system respond to heat?

Answer 2

Acetylcholine released from nerves acts on muscarinic receptors, which release nitrous oxide and dilates blood vessels and shutting AV shunts.

Acetylcholine release also causes sweating (mechanism in another card)

Question 3

How does the nervous system influence sweating during a workout?

Answer 3

Sympathetic postganglionic nerves release acetylcholine, which activate muscarinic receptors on Eccrine sweat glands to enter the Phospholipace C pathway,

Phospholipace C release –> clevage of IP3 –> release of Ca2+ –> activation of the calcium activated chloride channel CLCA (Chloride Channel Accessory), which secretes chloride ions out of the glands.

Question 4

Which part of the brain controls the eccrine sweat glands?

Answer 4

The hypothalmus

Question 5

Long name for an AV shunt

Answer 5

Atrioventricular anastomy

Question 6

This drug blocks muscarinic receptors

Answer 6

Atropine. Suppresses sweating

Question 7

This drug blocks NKCC pumps

Answer 7

Furosemide (lasix). Suppresses sweating.

Question 8

How does the nervous system regulate sweating when you are nervous?

Answer 8

Sympathetic postganglion release norepinepherine, which act on alpha 1 and beta adrenergic receptors on apocrine sweat glands. This causes the cascade:

cAMP –> PKA –> promotion of CFTR, which pumps Cl- ions

Question 9

This toxin provents Ach release from nerves

Answer 9

Botulinum toxin (BoTox)

Question 10

This Beta-Blocker blocks sweating in response to hypoglycemia

Answer 10

Propanolol

Question 11

How does the sympathetic nervous system respond to cold?

Answer 11

Norepinephrine acts on alpha 1 receptors, constricting capillaries and opening AV shunts.