Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO1OOS > Week 1 - The Human Body and Cells > Flashcards

Week 1 - The Human Body and Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What organs make up the integumentary system?

A
  • Skin

* Skin appendages (hair, nails & sweat glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A
  • Physical barrier for protection
  • Regulation of body temperature
  • Sensation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What organs make up the nervous system?

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
  • Nerves
  • Sensory receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A
  • To relay sensory information to the CNS
  • Processes and interprets sensory information
  • Initiate motor functions (voluntary and involuntary)
  • (Also responsible consciousness, memory & intelligence)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What organs make up the muscular system?

A

• Skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the functions of the muscular system?

A
  • Movement
  • Support
  • Posture
  • Heat generation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What organs make up the cardiovascular system?

A
  • Heart
  • Blood
  • Blood vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A
  • Distributes gases, nutrients and hormones

* Removes waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What organs make up the digestive system?

A
  • Oral cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Oesophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
  • Rectum
  • Anus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A
  • Digest and absorb nutrients from food and fluids

* Remove undigested food from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What organs make up the reproductive system?

A

Male
• Testes
• Penis

Female
• Ovaries
• Vagina
• Uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the functions of the reproductive system?

A
  • Produce sperm / oocyte

* Produce sex hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What organs make up the respiratory system?

A
  • Oral / Nasal cavity
  • Phaynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Lungs
  • Diaphragm
  • Intercostal muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A

Site of gas exchange in the body (Absorption of O2 and removal of CO2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What organs make up the endocrine system?

A
  • Thyroid
  • Pituitary gland
  • Pancreas
  • Adrenal glands
  • Hypothalamus
  • Gonads
  • Pineal gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the functions of the endocrine system?

A 
It's a collection of glands that produces hormones and regulates a variety of body function
• Mood
• Growth
• Metabolism
• Sleep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What organs make up the urinary/excretory system?

A
  • Kidneys
  • Ureters
  • Bladder
  • Urethra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the functions of the urinary/excretory system?

A
  • Filter and excrete excess fluid and substances (waste) from bloodstream
  • Regulate water, electrolyte and pH balance
19
Q

What organs make up the skeletal system?

A
  • Bones
  • Tendons
  • Ligaments
  • Cartilage
20
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A
  • Movement: attachment site for muscles and ligaments
  • Support & Protection
  • Storage
  • Blood cell production
21
Q

What organs make up the lymphatic system?

A
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Lymph nodes
  • Other lymphatic organs (Spleen & tonsils)
22
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  • Returns leaked fluid back into the blood vessels
  • Transportation of immune cells
  • Cleanse and dispose of debris in the lymp
23
Q

Define Homeostasis

A

Is the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

24
Q

Which two organ systems are involved in homeostatic control?

A
  • Nervous system

* Endocrine system

25
Q

What are the different components of a typical homeostatic feedback loop?

A

1) Stimulus - produces a change in a variable
2) Receptor - detects change in variable
3) Afferent pathway - movement of signals towards the control centre
4) Control centre - compares to set point and initiates response
5) Efferent pathway - movement of signals away from the control centre
6) Produces response

26
Q

What is the set point in a homeostatic feedback loop?

A

It is the level or range that the variable should be between

27
Q

What is the difference between and positive and negative feedback loop?

A

Negative feedback mechanisms reduces the initial change produces by the stimulus (eg. body temperature), whereas positive feedback mechanisms amplifies the initial change (eg. blood clotting or childbirth).

28
Q

Apply body temperature as an example of a negative feedback loop

A
  • S - Body temp increases
  • R- Thermometers on skin
  • CC - Thermoregualatory centre in brain
  • E - Sweat glands
29
Q

Is positive or negative feedback more common?

A

Negative feedback as the majority of body processes must be constantly sustained within narrow limits with positive feedback only occurring in specific situations.

30
Q

Is the regulation of body temperature primarily controlled by the nervous or endocrine system?

A

Nervous system as sweat glands are exocrine glands that are not associated with the endocrine system.

31
Q

Is the regulation of child birth contraction primarily controlled by the nervous or endocrine system?

A

Endocrine system as the release of oxytocin occurs via The pituitary gland which is apart of the endocrine system.

32
Q

Apply child birth as an example of a positive feedback loop

A 
S - Head of baby pushes on cervix
R - stretch receptors
CC - hypothalamus 
E - pituitary glands secrete oxytocin
R - oxytocin causes uterine contraction that pushes baby's head against cervix.
33
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

• To protect and separate the intracellular environment from the extraceullar environment and regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

34
Q

What two fluid compartments does the plasma membrane separate?

A

• Intracellular & Extracellular environment

35
Q

What is a phospholipid composed of?

A
  • Hydrophobic fatty acid tail

* Hydrophillic phosphate head

36
Q

What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

A

Cholesterol acts to regulate the fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer during temperature extremes.
• Separates phospholipids when cold
• Binds phospholipids when hot

37
Q

What is the difference between a integral and peripheral protein?

A

An integral protein is exposed to both the internal and external surface of the plasma membrane, whereas peripheral proteins are only exposed to one side.

38
Q

Name the different kinds of integral proteins

A
  • Channel
  • Carrier
  • Receptor
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Recognition
  • Enzyme
39
Q

Name the three factors that bind cells together

A
  • Specialised cell junctions
  • Wavy contours of membrane
  • Glycoproteins
40
Q

What are the three types of specialised cell junctions?

A
  • Desmosomes
  • Tight
  • Gap
41
Q

What is the difference between the three specialised jucnctions?

A
  • Tight junctions are impermeable
  • Desmosomes are permeable
  • Gap junctions allows the passage of substances between adjacent cells
42
Q

What type of molecules can pass through gap junctions?

A

Ions, water, simple sugars and other small molecules

43
Q

What type of tissue are gap junctions typically associated with? Why?

A

Excitable tissue to allow for ion passage and the synchronization of electrical activity.

BIO1OOS (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions