Week 1 - The “discovery” of America Flashcards
What is the ”doctrine of discovery”?
The belief that any land not ruled by white European Christian rulers could be claimed and colonized by Europeans.
Who issued this doctrine and when was it issued?
Issued by Pope Nicholas V in 1452.
What were the names of the native people who were present at the time of European Exploration?
The Arawak, Taíno, and other indigenous groups.
Why is it important to know the identity of these native people?
It is important to recognize their cultures and histories.
Why were the native people called Indians?
Columbus mistakenly believed he had reached the Indies.
What were the differences in philosophy about land ownership between the native people and European settlers?
Native people had a communal and sacred view of land; Europeans saw it as a resource to be owned and exploited.
How was religion used to justify European settlement in the Western hemisphere?
Religion was used to claim it was God’s will to spread Christianity and civilize indigenous peoples.
What do you think of the information Zinn presents in this chapter? Do you think he is biased?
Zinn presents a critical view of European exploration. He admits his own bias, acknowledging that all historians have perspectives.
What does Zinn say about the bias of historians, including his own admission?
Zinn acknowledges that all historians have perspectives that influence their work, including himself.
How is human progress defined according to Howard Zinn?
Technological advancements, economic growth, social justice, and cultural development.
What are people and their governments willing to do to achieve progress?
They may resort to exploration, colonization, war, and exploitation.
What sacrifices are necessary to make progress in any society?
Human lives, cultural heritage, and ethical values are often sacrificed.
What lessons from history can we learn about the desire and search for progress?
Progress often comes at a great cost, and it is essential to consider ethical implications and the impact on marginalized groups.
