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Musculoskeletal/Skin - WLB > Week 1 - Severson > Flashcards

Week 1 - Severson Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the Rhomboid Major muscle?

A

Retract the scapula

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2
Q

What is the primary function of the Latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

Extend the arm

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3
Q

What muscle is most significant in performing chin-ups?

A

Latissimus dorsi

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4
Q

What is the primary function of the Deltoid muscle?

A

Abduct the arm

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5
Q

What nerve innervates the deltoid muscle?

A

Axillary nerve

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6
Q

What nerve innervates the infraspinatus muscle?

A

Suprascapular nerve

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7
Q

What nerve innervates the Teres minor muscle?

A

Axillary nerve

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8
Q

What two muscles does the Suprascapular nerve innervate?

A
  1. Suprasinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
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9
Q

What muscle is innervated by the CN XI (Accessory nerve)?

A

Trapezius

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10
Q

What two muscles are innervated by the Axillary nerve?

A
  1. Deltoid
  2. Teres minor
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11
Q

What muscle is innervated by the Thoracodorsal nerve?

A

Latissimus dorsi

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12
Q

What artery/nerve complex travels through the Suprascapular notch?

A

Suprascapular Artery/Nerve

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13
Q

Define supine.

A

Anterior side up.

(lying on back, spine down)

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14
Q

Define prone.

A

Anterior side down.

(face down, front float)

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15
Q

Define supination.

A

To bring the palm facing upwards.

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16
Q

Define pronation.

A

To place palm downward.

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17
Q

What is the axial plane?

A

Horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions.

(aka transverse plane)

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18
Q

Where is the triangle of auscultation?

A

Inferior and lateral to the trapezius,

Superior to the latissimus dorsi,

Medial to the medial border of the scapula,

overlying the rhomboid major

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19
Q

What four anatomical features form the Quadrilateral or Quadrangular Space?

A
  1. Teres minor (superior)
  2. Long head of triceps (medial)
  3. Humerus (lateral)
  4. Teres major (inferior)
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20
Q

What three neurovascular components are located in the Quadrilateral/Quadrangular Space?

A
  1. Axillary nerve (innervates the deltoid and teres minor)
  2. Posterior circumflex humeral artery
  3. Posterior circumflex humeral vein
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21
Q

Describe the anatomical position in four steps.

A
  1. Standing erect
  2. Arms by the side
  3. Palms facing forwards
  4. Feet flat on floor
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22
Q

What are the functions of the latissimus dorsi?

A
  • Extend
  • Adduct
  • Medially rotate the humerus at the shoulder joint
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23
Q

What are the functions of the trapezius?

A
  • Upper fibers: Elevate scapula
  • Middle fibers: Retract scapula
  • Lower fibers: Depress scapula
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24
Q

Damage to what nerve innervating what muscle results in a “droopy shoulder”?

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI) innervating the Trapezius

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25
Q

What are the functions of the levator scapulae?

A
  • Elevates scapula
  • Fixes the scapula
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26
Q

What are the functions of the Rhomboid major and minor?

A
  • Retracts the scapula
  • Elevates the scapula
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27
Q

What are the functions of the Serratus anterior?

A
  • Protracts the scapula
  • Holds it agains the thoracic wall
  • Positions the glenoid cavity
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28
Q

What are the functions of the Deltoid?

A
  • Anterior fibers: Flex and medially rotate the humerus
  • Middle fibers: Chief abductor of the humerus
  • Posterior fibers: Extend and laterally rotate the shoulder.
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29
Q

What are the functions of the Teres major?

A
  • Adducts the humerus
  • Medially roates the humerus
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30
Q

What is the function of the Suprasinatus?

A

Abducts the humerus

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31
Q

What is the function of the Infraspinatus?

A

Laterally rotates the humerus.

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32
Q

What is the function of the teres minor?

A

Laterally rotates the humerus.

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33
Q

What is the function of the Subscapularis?

A

Medially rotates the humerus.

34
Q

What are the four muscles of the Rotator cuff?

A
  1. Supraspinatus
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Teres minor
  4. Subscapularis
35
Q

Where does the omohyoid muscle attach to the scapula?

A

The inferior attachment of this muscle is the superior border of the scapula near the suprascapular notch.

36
Q

What is the function of the Omohyoid muscle?

A

Depresses, retracts and steadies the hyoid bone.

37
Q

What condition does paralysis of serratus anterior result in?

A

“Winged Scapula”

38
Q

What intercostal space is the triangle of auscultation superior to?

A

6th intercostal space

39
Q

Injury to what nerve results in “Winged Scapula”?

A

Injury to the Long Thoracic Nerve.

40
Q

What is the source of blood supply to the Trapezius?

A

Transverse cervical artery/vein

41
Q

What two muscles does the Accessory Nerve (CN XI) innervate?

A

Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid

42
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

A unilateral area of skin innervated by the nerve fibers of a single spinal nerve that originated from a single spinal cord segment.

*Segments of the spinal cord sensory to specific body areas.

43
Q

What are myotomes?

A

Spinal nerves innervating groups of muscles.

44
Q

What landmark dermatome corresponds with C5?

45
Q

What landmark dermatome corresponds with C6?

46
Q

What landmark dermatome corresponds with C7?

A

Middle finger

47
Q

What landmark dermatome corresponds with C8?

A

Little finger (pinky)

48
Q

What landmark dermatome corresponds with T4?

49
Q

What landmark dermatome corresponds with T10?

A

Umbilicus (belly button)

50
Q

What landmark dermatome corresponds with L5?

A

Medial foot

(dorsal surface/top)

51
Q

What landmark dermatome corresponds with S1?

A

Lateral Leg/Lateral Foot

52
Q

What spinal cord/nerve segments are tested when using the reflex hammer on the tendons of the biceps (biceps brachii)?

A

C5: Upper extremity abductors

C6: Forearm flexors

53
Q

What spinal cord/nerve segments are tested when using the reflex hammer on the tendons of the brachioradialis?

A

C5 & C6

Forearm flexors, forearm pronators

54
Q

What spinal cord/nerve segments are tested when using the reflex hammer on the tendons of the triceps brachii?

A

C7: Forearm extensor, Wrist extensors, Finger Extensors

55
Q

What spinal cord/nerve segments are tested when using the reflex hammer on the tendons of the quadriceps?

A

L3 & L4:

Leg extension (knee jerk reflex)

56
Q

What spinal cord/nerve segments are tested when using the reflex hammer on the tendons of the Achilles?

A

S1 & S2:

Foot plantar flexors & Toe flexors

57
Q

What spinal cord segment(s) supplies motor innervation to the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

C8 / T1

(ulnar nerve)

58
Q

What spinal cord segment(s) supplies motor innervation to the anal sphincter?

A

S2, S3, & S4

59
Q

What spinal cord segment(s) and muscle groups are responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?

A

L4 & L5

Anterior tibial muscles

60
Q

What spinal cord segment(s) and muscle groups are responsible for plantar flexion of the foot?

A

S1 & S2

Posterior tibial muscles & Achilles tendon

61
Q

Whta are the two main joints?

A
  • Synarthroses
    • together joints
  • Diarthroses (aka synovial joints)
    • moveable joints
62
Q

How do Synarthroidal joints differ from Diarthroidal joints?

A
  • Synarthroidal joints are separated by connective tissue
    • limited movement
63
Q

How do Diarthroidal joints differ from Synarthroidal joints?

A
  • Diarthroidal joints have:
    • synovial space (articular cavity)
    • synovial fluid
    • synovial membrane
    • articular surface (hyaline cartilage)
64
Q

What are the three types of Synarthroidal joints?

A
  1. Syndesmosis
  2. Synchondrosis
  3. Synostosis
65
Q

Describe Syndesmosis joints.

A
  • Fibrous joint with heavy connective tissue
66
Q

What are two examples of Syndesmosis joints discussed in class?

A
  1. Suture (skull)
  2. Interosseous membrane (between radius/ulna)
67
Q

Describe Synchondrosis joints.

A

Cartilaginous joint

-contains glossy hyaline cartilage

(chondro = cartilage)

68
Q

What are three examples of Synchondrosis joints discussed in class?

A
  • Epiphysial plate in head of femur
    • primary cartilaginous joint
    • hyaline cartilage in grwoing children
  • Intervertebral disc between vertebra of spine
    • secondary cartilaginous joint
    • fibrocartilage
  • Symphysis
    • secondary cartilaginous joint
    • fibrocartilage
69
Q

Describe Synostosis joints.

A
  • Bony joint
    • two bones are joined together by bone
    • joint that originally was fibrous/cartilaginous, but replaced by bone upon cessation of growth
70
Q

What are two examples of Synostosis joints discussed in class?

A
  1. Frontal bones → frontal suture
  2. Epiphyseal plate
71
Q

What are the six types of Diarthrodial (synovial) joints?

A
  1. Plane joints
  2. Hinge joints***
  3. Saddle joints
  4. Condyloid (ellipsoid) joints
  5. Ball and socket joints***
  6. Pivot joints
72
Q

Describe hinge joints.

A

Permit flexion and extension only.

ex. humeroulnar joint at the elbow

73
Q

Describe ball and socket joints.

A

Multiaxial articulations.

ex. hip joint, shoulder

74
Q

What is a bursa?

A

“Purse-like” structure

Closed sac/cavity of serous membrane that produces synovial fluid

75
Q

What is the function of bursa?

A
  • Reduce friction between structures
  • Frequently communicate with the synovial cavity of an adjacent joint
76
Q

Describe Synovial tendon sheaths (serous membranes).

A
  • Inner layer: Visceral layer
    • attaches to tendon
  • Synovial fluid between
  • Outer layer: Parietal layer
77
Q

What is the function of synovial tendon sheaths?

A
  • Reduce friction
  • Allow free movement of the tendons over bone or joints
78
Q

What is the medical term for inflammation of the synovial membrane?

79
Q

What is the medical term for inflammation of a bursa?

80
Q

What is the medical term for inflammation of a joint?

81
Q

What does subluxation mean?

A

Incomplete dislocation

Musculoskeletal/Skin - WLB (13 decks)

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