Week 1 - PH and PH appraches Flashcards
What is public health
A multidisciplinary field whose goal is to promote the health the population through organized community efforts
What are the 3 focuses of public health
Preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health though organized community efforts
What is WHOs definition of health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or injury
What are the 6 ways the approach of public health has changed over time
- Emphasis of quality of life, not just prolonging it
- New technologies
- Evidence-based public health
- Collaborative efforts
- Public health problems viewed as part of larger health and social system
- Focus on wide range of health issues
What are the 6 eras of public health in order
Heath protection, hygiene movement, contagion control, filling holes in medical care system, health promotion/disease prevention, and population health
What are the 4 components of public health
Health, populations, society wide concerns, and vulnerable groups
What are the 2 approaches to address public health problems
High-risk approach and improving-the-average approach
What is the most important factor influencing the causes of death and disability
Age
What two factors determine the occurrence of disease, disability, and death
Contributory causes (immediate causes) and determinants (underlying factors)
What are determinants of health
Any factor, whether event, characteristic, or other dehfinabe entity that brings about a change in a health condition
What are 6 examples of determinants
Environment, infectious agents, medical care, genetics, social factors, and lifestyle choices
What are 3 upstream impacts
Laws, policies, and regulations that create community conditions supporting health for all people
What are 3 midstream impacts
Patient screening questions about social factors (housing, food access), using data to inform care and provide referrals, social workers, community heath workers, and community-based organizations providing direct support/assistance to meet patients social needs
What 3 transitions in compositions of populations affect the pattern of disease
Demographic, epidemiological, and nutritional
What is the demographic transition
The shift from a pattern of high fertility and high mortality to one of low fertility and low mortality
What is the epidemiological transition
Shift from pattern of prevalent infectious diseases associated with malnutrition, periodic famine, and poor environmental sanitation to a pattern of prevalence chronic and degenerative diseases associated with urban-industrial lifestyles
What does stage 1 of the demographic transition look like
High birth and death rates causing stable or slow increase in population
What does stage 2 of the demographic transition look like
High birthrate and rapidly falling death rate causing rapid increase in population
What does stage 3 of the demographic transition look like
Falling birth rate and slower falling death crease, slowing the increase in population
What does stage 4 of the demographic transition look like
Low birth and death rates causing a falling and then stable increase in population
What does stage 5 of the demographic transition look like
Birth rate unknown, low death rate, and little change in population
What are the 5 stages of the epidemiological transition
- Infectious and parasitic diseases
- Receding pandemics
- Degenerative and man-made diseases
- Delayed degenerative diseases
- Potential resurgence of infectious diseases due to globalization
What is the nutritional transition
Modernization, urbanization, economic development, and increased wealth leading to shifts in diet and activity patterns
