Health Behaviors Flashcards
What is life chance
People’s ability to live a happy and fulfilling life and to improve their position in life
What are health behaviors
Actions taken by individuals that affect health or mortality (account for 40% of death annually in US)
What are the 2 kinds of health behaviors
Promotive and risk behaviors
What 2 processes impact health behaviors
Socialization and social control
What is socialization
Learning norms and values of a society
What is social control
Regulation of behaviors by society’s various components
What are informal means of social control
Internalized norms and values (self shame, stigmatization, criticism, disapproval, etc.)
What are the 4 main risk behaviors
Smoking, poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol use
What is considered binge drinking for males and females
5+ drinks for male or 4+ drinks for female in one sitting under 2 hours any day in last 30 days
What are the 6 macro factors impacting health
Economics, demographic forces, technological factors, natural/physical forces, political and legal forces, and social and cultural forces
What 3 aspects of social background impact how we practice promotive health behaviors/risky health behaviors
Social class, race and ethnicity, and gender
What is social capital
The pattern and intensity of the networks amongst people and the shared values that arise from those networks
What are the 4 kinds of social support
Emotional, instrumental, appraisal, and informational
What are 5 ways a government can impact a country’s social environment
Laws on tobacco and alcohol use, taxation on tobacco and alcohol, education, urban planning, and health care policy
What is the ecological model
The interaction between, and the interdependence of, factors within and across all levels of a health problem
What does the ecological model highlight
People’s interactions with their physical and sociocultural environments
What are the 5 parts of the ecological model
Intrapersonal/individual factors, interpersonal factors, institutional and organizational factors, community factors, and public policy factors
What does the social cognitive theory describe
The influence of individual experiences, the actions of others, and environmental factors on individual health behaviors
How does the social cognitive theory provide opportunities for social support
Through installing expectations, self-efficacy, and using observational learning and other reinforcements to create behavioral change
What is self-efficacy
The belief that an individual has control over and is able to execute a behavior
What is behavioral capability
Understanding and having the skill to perform a behavior
What are expectations
Determining the outcomes of behavioral change
What are expectancies
Assigning a value to the outcomes of behavioral change
What is self-control
Regulating and monitoring individual behavior
What is observational learning
Watching and learning outcomes of others performing or modeling the desired behavior
What are reinforcements
Promoting incentives and rewards that encourage behavioral change
What is the transtheoretical model
Explains an individual’s readiness to change their behavior
What are the 7 stages of the transtheoretical model
Pre-contemplation (no intention to do action), contemplation (intent and plan to do action soon), preparation (intent and some steps towards action), action (behavior changed for short period of time), maintenance (behavior changed and continues long term), and termination (no desire to return to negative behaviors)
What is the health belief model (5 conditions)
Promotive health behavior more likely among individuals who perceive they’re susceptible to incurring a health problem, that the health problem could be serious, that a potential health behavior will prove beneficial, they have a high level of self-efficacy, and they lack barriers to undertaking health behaviors
