Health Behaviors

Question 1

What is life chance

Answer 1

People’s ability to live a happy and fulfilling life and to improve their position in life

Question 2

What are health behaviors

Answer 2

Actions taken by individuals that affect health or mortality (account for 40% of death annually in US)

Question 3

What are the 2 kinds of health behaviors

Answer 3

Promotive and risk behaviors

Question 4

What 2 processes impact health behaviors

Answer 4

Socialization and social control

Question 5

What is socialization

Answer 5

Learning norms and values of a society

Question 6

What is social control

Answer 6

Regulation of behaviors by society’s various components

Question 7

What are informal means of social control

Answer 7

Internalized norms and values (self shame, stigmatization, criticism, disapproval, etc.)

Question 8

What are the 4 main risk behaviors

Answer 8

Smoking, poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol use

Question 9

What is considered binge drinking for males and females

Answer 9

5+ drinks for male or 4+ drinks for female in one sitting under 2 hours any day in last 30 days

Question 10

What are the 6 macro factors impacting health

Answer 10

Economics, demographic forces, technological factors, natural/physical forces, political and legal forces, and social and cultural forces

Question 11

What 3 aspects of social background impact how we practice promotive health behaviors/risky health behaviors

Answer 11

Social class, race and ethnicity, and gender

Question 12

What is social capital

Answer 12

The pattern and intensity of the networks amongst people and the shared values that arise from those networks

Question 13

What are the 4 kinds of social support

Answer 13

Emotional, instrumental, appraisal, and informational

Question 14

What are 5 ways a government can impact a country’s social environment

Answer 14

Laws on tobacco and alcohol use, taxation on tobacco and alcohol, education, urban planning, and health care policy

Question 15

What is the ecological model

Answer 15

The interaction between, and the interdependence of, factors within and across all levels of a health problem

Question 16

What does the ecological model highlight

Answer 16

People’s interactions with their physical and sociocultural environments

Question 17

What are the 5 parts of the ecological model

Answer 17

Intrapersonal/individual factors, interpersonal factors, institutional and organizational factors, community factors, and public policy factors

Question 18

What does the social cognitive theory describe

Answer 18

The influence of individual experiences, the actions of others, and environmental factors on individual health behaviors

Question 19

How does the social cognitive theory provide opportunities for social support

Answer 19

Through installing expectations, self-efficacy, and using observational learning and other reinforcements to create behavioral change

Question 20

What is self-efficacy

Answer 20

The belief that an individual has control over and is able to execute a behavior

Question 21

What is behavioral capability

Answer 21

Understanding and having the skill to perform a behavior

Question 22

What are expectations

Answer 22

Determining the outcomes of behavioral change

Question 23

What are expectancies

Answer 23

Assigning a value to the outcomes of behavioral change

Question 24

What is self-control

Answer 24

Regulating and monitoring individual behavior

Question 25

What is observational learning

Answer 25

Watching and learning outcomes of others performing or modeling the desired behavior

Question 26

What are reinforcements

Answer 26

Promoting incentives and rewards that encourage behavioral change

Question 27

What is the transtheoretical model

Answer 27

Explains an individual’s readiness to change their behavior

Question 28

What are the 7 stages of the transtheoretical model

Answer 28

Pre-contemplation (no intention to do action), contemplation (intent and plan to do action soon), preparation (intent and some steps towards action), action (behavior changed for short period of time), maintenance (behavior changed and continues long term), and termination (no desire to return to negative behaviors)

Question 29

What is the health belief model (5 conditions)

Answer 29

Promotive health behavior more likely among individuals who perceive they’re susceptible to incurring a health problem, that the health problem could be serious, that a potential health behavior will prove beneficial, they have a high level of self-efficacy, and they lack barriers to undertaking health behaviors