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4500 flash > week 1 part 2 > Flashcards

week 1 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what produces HCG

A

zygote

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2
Q

what makes oestrogen and progesterone

A

the corpus lute

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3
Q

when does HCG peak

A

at 12 weeks

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4
Q

what does progesterone do

A

smooth muscle relaxation and helps the uterus prepare for pregnancy

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5
Q

what does HPL (human placenta lactogen) do

A

decreases insulin production so that more glucose can go to the fetus

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6
Q

when does oxytocin come in

A

onset of labour

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7
Q

what is prolactin

A

stimulates lactation

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8
Q

what is the main thing oestrogen helps with

A

vascularisation and hypercoaguability

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9
Q

what are presumptive signs of pregnancy

A

subjective symptoms

amennhorea, breast tenderness, N/V, urinary frequency

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10
Q

what are probable signs of pregnancy

A

objective signs that can be assessed by provider

positive pregnancy test, uterine enlargement, hears signs, goodells sign, chadwicks sign

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11
Q

what is hegars sign

A

softening of lower part of uterus

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12
Q

what is goodells sign

A

soft cervix

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13
Q

what is chadwicks sign

A

cervix and vagina look blue

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14
Q

what are positive signs of pregnancy

A

only signs that are present if there is a living fetus

FHR auscultation, palpation of movement of fetus, visual fetus on U/S

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15
Q

what happens to BP during pregnancy

A

decrease diastolic due to smooth muscle relaxation

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16
Q

what happens to HR during pregnancy

A

10-15 beat increase

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17
Q

is urinary frequency in pregnancy normal

A

yes, but concerned with dysuria

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18
Q

what is some signs that vomiting in pregnancy is abnormal

A

signs of dehydration
excessive vomiting
ketones in urine (due to breakdown of fatty acids, means body is starving)

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19
Q

when is the frequency of prenatal care for a normal pregnancy

A

Q4 weeks until 30 weeks
Q2 weeks from 30-36 weeks
Q1 weeks from 36 weeks to delivery

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20
Q

which age of individuals are at increased risk for adverse health outcomes in pregnancy

A

undere 15 or over 35

21
Q

what are some considerations for pregnancy in adolescence

A

higher risk of preterm birth, anemia, preeclampsia, PPH, chorioamnionitis
less likely have adequate pre natal care and adequate weight gain

22
Q

what should the initial prenatal visit take place

A

after first missed period
take full health history

23
Q

how do you calculate due date

A

add 9 months and 7 days from date of last missed period

24
Q

when should you call a doctor during preterm about

A

if contraction last for one hour, regularly occurring every 10 mins
pelvic pressure isnt resolving, vaginal bleeding, feeling like something is not right

25
Q

what does GTPAL stand for

A

gravidity (number of pregnancies including current pregnancy)
Term- pregnancies carried to terms
Preterm births
Abortion/miscarriage
Number of living children

26
Q

what is the G value in GTPAL if someone has twins

A

twins = 1

27
Q

what is the T value if GTPAL if someone has twins

A

two, because they gave birth to two children

28
Q

what is the range of weeks that the P value is applicable in GTPAL

A

P is preterm births
20 weeks -36 weeks + 6 days

29
Q

what is GP

A

gravidity parity
number of pregnancies that reach 20 weeks gestation and beyond regardless of outcome reached

30
Q

when can you start to hear fetal heart rate

A

10-12 weeks

31
Q

when can SFH (fundal height) be measured

A

at 20 weeks

32
Q

when can you hear fetal movements usually

A

24 weeks

33
Q

when can you start leopards manoeuvres

A

30-32 weeks

34
Q

how long do you auscultate a FHR

A

one minute

35
Q

what is a normal FHR

A

110-150

36
Q

how do you measure SFH

A

measured from top of pubic bone to top of fungus

37
Q

what is normal growth for a SFH

A

one centimetre per week (plus or minus 2cm)

38
Q

when does fundal height no longer respond to gestational age

A

when fetus drops into pelvic cavity around 36 weeks (lightening)

39
Q

what is lightening

A

when fetus drops into pelvic cavity

40
Q

why do you need to make sure the patents bladder is empty prior to meausring SFH

A

because full bladder can displace uterus by 3cm

41
Q

what are the main concerns if measuring SFH is large for dates

A

full bladder
less placenta
large baby
polyhydraminos

always follow up with u/s/

42
Q

what is our main concern for SFH measuring is small for dates

A

oligohydraminos

43
Q

what does chorionic villus sampling assess for

A

done 10-13 weeks, used to diagnose genetic abnormalities of chromosome abnormalities in the first trimester

44
Q

when is an amniocentesis done

A

at 15 weeks on

45
Q

what is an amniocentesis used to detect

A

genetic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities in the second trimester
fetal lung maturity
fetal hemolytic anemia

46
Q

what happens when the mother has sypilis

A

still birth, premature birth

47
Q

can a mother with HIV have a healthy child

A

yes but it needs to be known and appropriately treated
HIV can be passed in utero or through breastmilk

48
Q

which vaccines are ok in pregnancy

A

COVID and influenza recommended
TDAP ok between 27 and 36 weeks

4500 flash (16 decks)

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