Week 1- Overview

Question 1

Equator of the eye is located where

Answer 1

In between the anterior and posterior segments

Question 2

Globe

Answer 2

Hollow structure that encloses cavity filled with fluid

Located in the orbit (bony cavity or socket)

Question 3

3 coats (tunics) of the globe

Answer 3

1. Outer fibrous layer
2. Vascular layer (uvea)
3. Inner neural layer

Question 4

What is in the outer fibrous layer within the top coat (tunic) of the globe

Answer 4

Consists of the cornea and sclera

Question 5

Sclera

Answer 5

85% of the fibrous portion
Opaque white color
Provides protection for the structures within
Maintains shape of the globe

Covered by episclera, tenons capsule, and conjunctiva

Question 6

Tenons capsule

Answer 6

Dense connective tissue that protects the epislera/sclera/ eye. Covered by conjunctiva anteriorly.

Question 7

Cornea

Answer 7

15% of the fibrous portion
Transparent
Allows rays to enter the eye and is the site of refraction. Helps to focus light on the retina. \

Question 8

Limbus

Answer 8

Location where cornea transitions to conjunctiva/tenon’s capsule/episclera/sclera.

Question 9

What is included the vascular layer or uvea portion of the 2nd tunic/layer of the globe

Answer 9

Consists of the iris, ciliary body and chorioid

Question 10

Iris

Answer 10

360 degree
The most anterior layer of the Uvea
Composed of 2 muscles that act as a diaphragm to control the amount of light entering the pupil- iris dilator (contraction dilates the pupil) and iris sphincter (contraction constricts the pupil)

Question 11

The iris is composed of which 2 muscles

Answer 11

iris dilator (contraction dilates the pupil) and iris sphincter (contraction constricts the pupil)

Question 12

Ciliary body

Answer 12

The ciliary body is the middle layer of the uvea. It is continuous with the iris and consists of the ciliary muscle and ciliary process.

Question 13

Ciliary muscle

Answer 13

Apart of the ciliary body, which is continuous with the iris. the ciliary muscle is attached to zones that also attach to the crystalline lens.
The ciliary muscle constricts

Question 14

How does the lens change shape?

Answer 14

Ciliary muscles contract- Zonules relaxed- lens relaxes and is accommodating. (looking at something up close)

Ciliary muscles relax, zonules under tension, lens is relaxed (looking at something far away)

Question 15

What power is the cystalline lens capable of?

Answer 15

+20.00D

Question 16

Humor

Answer 16

body of fluid

Question 17

Ciliary processes

Answer 17

Produce and secrete aqueous humor

Question 18

Aqueous humor

Answer 18

Produced by the ciliary processes- travels through the pupil and to between the cornea and iris
Clear fluid that provides nutrition to the lens and surrounding structures in the eye.
Mainly produced from blood.

Question 19

Choroid

Answer 19

Posterior layer of the uvea
Continuous with the ciliary body
Network of blood vessels that provides nutrition to the outer 1/3 of the retina. Underneath the retina.

Question 20

Structures within the inner neural layer (which is the third layer or tunic of the globe)

Answer 20

Retina

Macula

Question 21

Retina

Answer 21

Neural tissue that converts light energy into an electrical signal that can be transmitted to the brain

Question 22

Most anterior portion of the optic nerve

Answer 22

The optic disc or optic nerve head (what you see on funds photo)

Question 23

Macula

Answer 23

Small area of the center of the retina responsible for central vision. Contains the fovea, which is located in the center of the macula and provides the highest visual quality due to the dense amount of cones present and no anterior vasculature.

Question 24

What cranial nerve is the optic nerve

Answer 24

Cranial nerve #2 (sensory)

Question 25

Interior of the eye is made up of 3 fluid chambers

Answer 25

Anterior chamber - between the cornea and iris/lens
posterior chamber(contains aqueous humor)- between the ciliary body and lens
Vitreous chamber- contains the vitreous humor, between the lens and retina

Question 26

Anterior and posterior chamber

Answer 26

anterior chamber is located between the cornea and iris/lens.
The posterior chamber is located between the ciliary body and lens.

Each chamber is continuous with the other and contains aqueous humor, which is produced by the ciliary body.

Question 27

Aqueous humor

Answer 27

Produced by the ciliary process and fills the anterior and posterior chamber. Clear fluid that provides nourishment for the surrounding structures.

Question 28

Vitreous chamber

Answer 28

Largest chamber in the eye between the lens and retina.
Takes up 80% of the eye in volume
Contains the vitreous humor
Clear, gel like substance that maintains the shape of the eye.

Question 29

Within the orbit, the eye is surrounded by

Answer 29

Blood vessels, nerves, extra-ocular muscles, connective tissue, fat, and bone.